?????? ???:???? ???? ??? ??? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?????

???? ???? ??? ??? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ?????

machine-made sand

???? ???? ??? ????? ?? 9 ????? ????

??? ???? ??? ??

????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ?4.75 ????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ???????

2, ???? ???? ??? ??????

???? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?2.6 ??? 3.6 ?????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ??? ???? ????

??? ???? ??? ???? ??? ????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? ????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ?? ?? ???? ??? ??? ??? ????? ??? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ????? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?????

????? ??? ???????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ???????? ??? ??????

???? ????? ??? ?? ????? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?? ??? ??? ????? ????? ??? ???? ????? (Mx): ???? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ????

???? ??? ??? (fineness modulus) ?3.7-3.1 ???? ???? ??? ?0.5 ?? ??? ??? ???

?????? ??? ???? ???? 3.0-2.3? ???? ???? ??? 0.5??-0.35?? ???

??? ??? ???? ??? 2.2-1.6? ???? ???? ??? 0.35??-0.25?? ???

????? ?? ??? ???? ???? 1.5-0.7? ???? ???? ??? ?0.25?? ??? ???

???? ??? ??? ????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?????

3? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?? ???

???: ????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ??????? I? II? ?? III??

????? ??????:

??? ??? ??? ??60 ??? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ???? ???

??? ??? ??? ??30-?60 ?????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ???

??? ??? ??? ??30 ??? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ???? ???

4, ???? ???? ??? ??????

???? ???? ??? ????? ??? ?4.75-0.15?.? ???? ??? ?0.075?.? ??? ??? ????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ???? 4.75, 2.36, 1.18, 0.60, 0.30, ?? 0.15 ???? ????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ?????

5. ???? ???? ??? ??? ?????

????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? ???? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???? ????? ???? ????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ??????

6. ??? ???? ??? ????? ???? ?? ????

??? ???? ??? ????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ?? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ????? ????

7. ??? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??????

???? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ??? ?? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ?

8. ???? ???? ??? ?????

???? ???? ??? ????? ????? ??????- ?????? ???? (slump) ????? ?? ?28 ?? ???? ???? ?????? ???? (slump) ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ????? ???-???? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ???????

????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ???? (bleeding) ?????? ?????

????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?? ?? ??? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?2.6-3.0 ???? ???? ?? ??? 2 ??? ????

9, ???? ???? ??? ????? ?????

??? ??? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?? ????? ?????- ??? ??? ????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ????