?????? ???：????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ????? ???? ????
??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ????? ??? metallurgy ?? ???? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????.
??? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ????? ????? ???? ?? ?? ??? "?????? ????? ????" ???? ????? ??? ?? ????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ?????
??? ?????
??? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??? ????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ???? ???? ???? ????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ???? ?????
????? ?????
???? ??? ?????? 80% ??? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ??? ???? ???
【???????? (CuFeS2) 】
????- ?? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ??????
??????? ?????:??? ????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ???
????? (Cu2FeS4)
????- ?? ???? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ??
??????? ?????:???? ???? ????????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ???
【????? (Cu2S)】
????- ??? ???-?? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ????? ???? ??? ?????
??????? ?????:??? 79.9% ???? ???? ??? ????? ??? ?? ???? ???
【???? (CuS)】
????- ????? ?? ????? ???
??????? ?????:????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ????? ?????
????? ??
???? ???? ?? ????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ?????
【????? (Cu2CO3(OH)2)】
????- ???? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ????? ??? ????? ??? ????
??????? ?????:??? ????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?????
【????? (Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2)】
????- ?? ???? ????? ??? ??? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ???????
??????? ?????:?????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ???
?????
????- ????? ??? ??? ???? ???
??????? ?????:??? ??? ???? ????? ???? ??? ?? ????? ????? ??? ????? ??????
【????? (Cu2O) 】
????- ?? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ??
??????? ?????:???? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???
???? (CuO)
????- ???-???? ????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ????-??? ???????
??????? ?????:????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ?????
?????? ???? ????? ???
?????? ?っぱ? resources ? "???? ??? ?? ??? ???" ???? ????? ??? ??? ?2024 ??? ????? ??? ?.?.? 22.36 ???? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?場合 ??? 980 ???? ?? ???? ??? ?? 10 ???? ??? 75% ???? ???? ????? ??? ?? 19% ??? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ?????? (??, ??, ?.??.?) ???? ???? ?? ???? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???? ????
?????? ?? 生產 ?? ??? ???? (USGS 2024, ???: 10,000 ??)
| ??? | ???/ ??? | 2023 ??? | 2024 ??? | ?????? ???? |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ?? | 550.7 (23.9%) | 530 (23.0%) | 19,000 (19%) |
| 2 | ??? ??? | 284 (12.3%) | 330 (14.3%) | 3,100 (3.5%) |
| 3 | ?? | 273.6 (11.9%) | 260 (11.3%) | 7,700 (8.8%) |
| 4 | ??? | 180 (7.8%) | 180 (7.8%) | 2,600 (2.9%) |
| 5 | ?????? | 110 (4.8%) | 110 (4.8%) | 2,400 (2.7%) |
| 6 | ???? | 110 (4.8%) | 110 (4.8%) | 4,800 (5.5%) |
| 7 | ??? | 93 (4.0%) | 93 (4.0%) | 7,700 (8.8%) |
| 8 | ?????? | 80 (3.5%) | 80 (3.5%) | 9,300 (10%) |
| 9 | Kazakhstan - ???????? | 74 (3.2%) | 74 (3.2%) | 2,400 |
| 10 | ???? | 70 (3.0%) | 70 (3.0%) | 5,300 (6.1%) |
????? ???? ???? (WGC 2024, ???: 10,000 ??)
| ??? | ???/ ??? | 2024 ??? | 2024 ?????? |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ??? ??? | 330 | 3,100 |
| 2 | ???? | 74 | 2,100-3,500 |
| 3 | ??? ???? | ≈5 | 600 |
| 4 | ??? | ≈3 | 500 |
| 5 | ???? | ~2 | 60-100 |
| 6 | ????? | ≈1.5 | 30-50 |
| 7 | ???? | 1.5 | 20-30 |
| 8 | 毛里塔尼亚 | ~1 | 20-30 |
??? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ???
???? ?? ????? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ?????
1. ?????
??????? ?????? ????
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???? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ??? ?????????? ????? ????? ??????
??? ????????:
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- ??? ????:?????? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ??????
- ???? ???:???? ??? ??????? ???? ???? 2D/3D ????? ?????
????? ???:
????? ???/???? ???? ?????
2. ??? ?? ????
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???:
????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ???? ????
??? ????????:
- ??? ????:?????? ?? ???? ???? ?????
- ??? ?? ?????:???? ??? ?? ???? ????.
- ???? ????:Infrastructure ??? ? ?? ????? ? ??????? ????? (???? ???/?????)? ???? ??? ? ??? ??? ?? ????? ????
- ?? ????:?? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?????
???:
???????? ??? ???? ?Mining ??? ???
3. ??? ????
??? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?? ??? ???? ????
???:
???? ??? ???? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??????.
??? ????????:
?????? ??? ?????-??? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ?фин?
??? ????:???? ????, ????, ????? ?????, ????? ????, ??? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ??? (TSF).
???? ??? ?? ?????? ?????:
- ????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ????/?? ???? ????.
- ????? ???? ????: ??? ??? ????? ?????
- ????: ???? ????? ?????
- ???? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?? ???? “????? ????.
???:
????? ???? ???? ???.
4. ?????? ?? ????
???? ??? ???? ???
???:
??????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ??????
??? ????????:
?? ??? ??? ???? ?? ?? ????? ??????:
- ????? & ????:??? ??? ?????.
- ??? & ???:???? ?? ???????? ?? ????????/?????.
???? ?? ???? ??? ??? ???????????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ??? ????? (???? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??? ????? ???? ????????)?
??????:?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ????? ???? ??? ???? ???
???? ????:??? ???? ? ???????? ?? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?安全 ??????? ????? ????? ????? PPE ?? ????? ??? ????? ??????
5. ??? ?? ??????
??? ????? ??? ?? ???
???:
????? ????? ?????? ???.
???:
???, ??????, ??? ???? ???? ?? ??????.
??? ????????:
- ??? ????????? ?? ????/???? ?? ?????? ??????? ????.
- ??? ???:????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??.
- ???????? ???????:????/????/???? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??? ???? ????????? ?????? ??????? ?????
???:
???? ?? ?? ??????
6. ?????? ?????? ?? ???????? ???? ??-???? (ESG)
??? ??? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ???
???:
?????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ?????.
??? ????????:
- ?????? ??????: ????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?? ?? ?? ?????? ?? (TSF) ?????? ?????
- ?TSF ??????:??? ????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ?????; ????? ????? ???? ????? ? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ?????
- ???? ??? ??? ?????????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ?????
- ??? ?? ??? ????? ??? ?? ????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?????????? ???? ?? ?????? ? ???? ??? ??? ?? ???? ???? ????? ????? ????
?????? ???? ????? ????
90% ???? ??????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?? ????? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ????
????? ?? ??? (??? ?????)
??? ??? ??? ???????
?????? ?? (????????? ?????? ??????) ????????? ?? ??? ????? >80% ???? ??????? ???? ??????
????:
??? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ???? ????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??????!
???? ????:
- 1. ????/????? ?? ?? ??? ?????
- 2. ????: ????? ??? ??? ??????
- 3. ????: ???? ??? ????
- 4. ????: ???? ??? ???? ???? ??? (Cu) ?????? ?????
- 5. ??? ????? ????: ???? ??? ??? ?? ?????
????? ?? ??? ????? (?????????)
??? ??? ??? ??????????? ?? (?????, ????), ????-?? ??? ?????? ??? ???
????:???? ????? ???????? ????? (????? ???? H2SO4) ???? ??? ????/?? ???? ??? ?? ??????
???????:???? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ????? ???? ???? ???: ??? ???? ??? ???? ?? ????? ???
???? ????:
- 1. ????? ??????: ?????? ???? ?? ????
- 2.?? ???: ??? ????? ??? ????
- 3.???? ??? ???: SX-EW ??? ?????? ??? ?? ??????
???? ????
??? ??? ??? ?????????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ?? ??? ?????
????:???? ?? ???????? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ?????
???????:?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ?? ??? ????? ???? ???
???? ????:
- 1. ??????: ???, ?????? ?????, ????
- 2. ???? ??????: ???? → ???? → ??????? ?????
- 3. ???? ???? ???? ?????: ?? ???
????? ??? ?? ????
????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??????
?? ??????? ??? ?? ??????? ??????
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????? ??? ???:
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??? ???:
????????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ??????
?????? ????
???? ???? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?????
(????—???????—???????)
??? ????:
- ???? ????????? ??
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- ??? ??? ?? ?? ????? ?????? ??
- ???? ????? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ???
- ??????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??? ????? ???
????
???? ???