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Silicon, the second most abundant element in the Earth’s crust (accounting for approximately 27.7% of its total mass), is a cornerstone of modern science and technology. Its related materials and technologies have profoundly shaped the evolutionary trajectory of human civilization.
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?????? ????????????? ??? ????? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? (SiO?) ??? ????????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ????????, ?????? ????? ??????????? ?????????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ????:
????????? ???? (SiO?)
????????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ???? ????????????? ????? ?????? ?????????? (SiO?) ????? ????? ??? ?? ????????????? ??? ????????? ???????? ??? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ??? ?????
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- ??????: ????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ?????, ????? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ??? ?? ???????????? ?????
- ?????????????: ?????????????? ??? ???????? ??? ?? ???????????? ???? ?? ?????? ????? SiO? ?? ?????? ??????? 99% ?? ???? ???? ??? ???????????? ???????? ?????? ??, ?? ???? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????
Quartzite
- ??????: ???? ???? ????-????, ?? ??? ????, ??????????????? ??????????
- Mineralogical Characteristics: Formed by the recrystallization of quartz sandstone through regional metamorphism. SiO? content generally ranges between 95%–99% with massive reserves. It serves as the primary raw material for industries such as glass, ceramics, and metallurgy.
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- ?????????? ?????????????: ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????????, ?? ??????? ????, ?????????, ???? ???????? ????, ??? ?????????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ???????????, ?????? ???? ??? ?????????? ?? ?? ?????????? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ???????
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Silicate minerals are the largest class of minerals in the Earth’s crust, formed by the combination of silicon-oxygen tetrahedra with metal cations. They serve as critical raw materials for various industries:
?????????? (KAlSi?O?)
- ??????: ?????? ??? ???? ???? ??????, ???? ????? ??????????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ???????? ???? ????? ??????? ???????
- Mineralogical Characteristics: The most common silicate mineral in the Earth’s crust, it is a key raw material for the ceramics and glass industries, and also a common associated impurity mineral in silica sand.
????? (Al?Si?O?(OH)?)
- ?????: ???? ???? ????? ????, ????? ???, ????????????? ??????
- ???????? ?????????????: ??????????? ????? ???? ????, ??? ??????? ??????? ???? ??? ????????? ?? ??????-???????? ?????? ??????? ????????????? ? ????????? ??????????? ?????? ????
?alc (Mg?(Si?O??)(OH)?)
- ??????: ???? ???? ????? ????, ???????, ???????? ??????? ??????
- ???????? ?????????? ????????? ??????? ??? ????????? ????? ????, ??? ??????????, ????????? ? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ????
????? (KAl?(AlSi?O??)(OH)?)
- ??????: ????? ?????, ???? ?????? ?????? ??, ????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ??????
- ?????????????? ??? ??????? ????????? ?????? ? ??? ????????? ???????? ???, ?? ???????????? ??? ????????? ??????? ???? ?????????? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????, ?? ?????? ???? ???????? ??????????? ???? ?????? ???? ????
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While silicon resources are widespread in the Earth’s crust, the distribution of high-purity, easily exploitable high-quality silicon ore is highly uneven:
- Brazil holds the world’s richest high-grade silica resources.
- ??????? ??????? ????????-largest ????????, ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ????????? ?????? ????????
- ??? is the world’s largest producer and consumer of the silicon industry, accounting for 78% of global industrial silicon output in 2021.
- ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????????? ???????? ????? ?????? ????, ?????? ??????????? ??????????? (??????), ????, ????????????, ???????, ???????????? ??? ?????????
????? ?????? ???? ?????? ? ???????? (???: ??,??? ??)
| ???? | ???/????? | ???? ?????? | ???? ?????? | ??????? |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ???? | 550.7 (23.9%) | 530 (23.0%) | 19,000 (19%) |
| 2 | ?????? (?????) | 284 (12.3%) | 330 (14.3%) | 3,100 (3.5%) |
| 3 | ???? | 273.6 (11.9%) | 260 (11.3%) | 7,700 (8.8%) |
| 4 | ??? | 180 (7.8%) | 180 (7.8%) | 2,600 (2.9%) |
| 5 | ??????????? | 110 (4.8%) | 110 (4.8%) | 2,400 (2.7%) |
| 6 | ??? ???????????? | 110 (4.8%) | 110 (4.8%) | 4,800 (5.5%) |
| 7 | ??????? | 93 (4.0%) | 93 (4.0%) | 7,700 (8.8%) |
| 8 | ???????????? | 80 (3.5%) | 80 (3.5%) | 9,300 (10%) |
| 9 | ?????????? | 74 (3.2%) | 74 (3.2%) | 2,400 |
| 10 | ???????? | 70 (3.0%) | 70 (3.0%) | 5,300 (6.1%) |
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?????? ?: ?????? ?? ??? ???
A: ??????? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ????????? ?????????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ????????????? ??? ??????? ???? (Silica, SiO?) ?????? ?????? ????, ???? ?????????, ?????? ???? ?? ???????? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ?????????? ????????? ???????? ???? ????????? ???????? ?????? ??? ????
?????? ?: ??????-??????? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ???
?: ?????? ???????? ????? ????????? ??? ????? ???????? ?????????? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????????, ?????? ????, ????????????, ??? ???? ?????? ?? ?????, ????-????? ????????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????????? ?????? ???? ????????????? ??? ??????????? ?????????
?????? ?: ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????????? ?? ???
A: ?????? ???? ??????? ???????? ??? ?????????? ???? ??????????? ??? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ??? (???? ????-?????? ??????????? ??????)? ????????????, ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ???? ??????? ???????????? ????? ??, ??? ???? ????????? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ???, ????????? ???, ?????????? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ????
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