??????：??????? ???????? ?? ?????? ???????????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????, ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ??????, ??????? ??? ?????????? ????????? ??????? ???????????, ??????? ??????? ??????, ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??.
?????, ?? ??????? ???? ?????????? ??? ???? ??? ???????? ???????? ??, ??????? ????? ???? ?????????? ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ??. ?????? ???????? ??? ?????? ???????????, ????? ????? ??????, ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ??? ??, ????? ????? ????????, ??????????? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ??.
???? ??????? ???????, ????? ????????, ?????? ??? ?????? ???????? ???? ?????? ??????? "??????? ????" ????? ???????? ????? ??,.global ????????? ?????????? ????? ???????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???????????? ?????????? ??????? ??.
???? ?????? ??????
???? ???????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ??, ??? ? ???? ??? ???????? (??????) ?????? ????? ??. ??????? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ?????, ?????? ??????? ???? ??????? ???????? ??? ???? ??:
??????? ???
?????? ????????? ???? ?????????? ???? ??????, ?? ??????? ???? ????????? 80% ???? ??? ?????? ????? ??.
???????????? (CuFeS2)
?????: ??? dull ????-??? ????? ?? ????????? ?????? ??
???????? ??????:???? ???? ????????? ???? ??????? ???? ???????? ??????? ??? ??, ?????? ?????????? ???? ???????? ??? ??.
???????? (Cu2FeS4)
?????: ?????-??? ????? ???? ??????-??????? ?????
???????? ??????:???? ????????, ??????? ???? ???????????? ???? ??? ???????? ????? ??; ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ????.
????????? (Cu2S)
?????: ??? ??? ????, ??? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ??, ?? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ?????: ???? ??? ??.
???????? ??????:79.9% ???? ????? ??, ?? ???? ??????? ??? ??????? ??
???????? (CuS)
?????: ?????????-???? ???
???????? ??????:??????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????????? ????? ??? ??
??????? ????
???????? ????????? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ????????? ?????? ????????? ??? ??, ??????? ???? ?????? ??????? '??????? ???'??? ??? ??.
【???????? (Cu2CO3(OH)2)】
?????: ?????? ???????-?????? ?????, ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ????, ?????? ???? ???? ??? ?????????.
???????? ??????:???? ??????? ???? ??????? ????, ??????? ???? ??????????. ??????? ????????? ?????? ??? ??, ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ??.
??????? (Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2)
?????: ??? ????????-???? ???? ?????? ??? ????
???????? ??????:??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ???????? ??????? ??? ??, ??????? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ??.
???????????
?????: ?????? ????-???? ?????
???????? ??????:???? ???????????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???????
?????????? (Cu2O)
?????: ??? ??urka ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ?????.
???????? ??????:????? ???????.concat.zones ??? ???? ?? ??, ??????? ????????? ???????
??????? (CuO)
?????: ???? ????, ??????? ???? ????????; ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ??
???????? ??????:??????????? ????? ?????? ??? ???????. ?????? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????.
??????? ????? ????? ???????
??????????? ??????? ??????? "???? ???????, ?????? ?????" ??????? ??. 2024 ???????, ??????? ??????? ~22.36 ?????? ?? ???? ????????? ?? ??? ~980 ?????? ????? ????? ??. ????? 10 ?????? ????? ??????? ???????? 75% ????????? ??? ??, ????? ????? ???? 19% ???? ?????? ??; ????? ???? ???????? (????, ????, ??????) ??????? ????????? ????????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ??. ??? ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ??.
?????? ???? ??????? ??? ????? (???????? 2024, ???: 10,000 ??)
| ???? | ???/ ?????? | 2023 ??????? | ???? ?????? | ???? |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ???? | 550.7 (23.9%) | 530 (23.0%) | 19,000 (19%) |
| 2 | ??.??. ????? | 284 (12.3%) | 330 (14.3%) | 3,100 (3.5%) |
| 3 | ???? | 273.6 (11.9%) | 260 (11.3%) | 7,700 (8.8%) |
| 4 | ??? | 180 (7.8%) | 180 (7.8%) | 2,600 (2.9%) |
| 5 | ??????????? | 110 (4.8%) | 110 (4.8%) | 2,400 (2.7%) |
| 6 | ????? | 110 (4.8%) | 110 (4.8%) | 4,800 (5.5%) |
| 7 | ????? | 93 (4.0%) | 93 (4.0%) | 7,700 (8.8%) |
| 8 | ??????????? | 80 (3.5%) | 80 (3.5%) | 9,300 (10%) |
| 9 | ?????????? | 74 (3.2%) | 74 (3.2%) | 2,400 |
| 10 | ???????? | 70 (3.0%) | 70 (3.0%) | 5,300 (6.1%) |
??????? ??? ?????????(WGC 2024, ?????: 10,000 ??)
| ???? | ???/ ?????? | ???? ?????? | 2024 ????? |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ??.??. ????? | 330 | 3,100 |
| 2 | ???????? | 74 | 2,100-3,500 |
| 3 | ?????? ??????? | ≈? | 600 |
| 4 | ???????? | ≈3 | 500 |
| 5 | ???????? | ~2 | 60-100 |
| 6 | ??????? | ≈?.? | 30-50 |
| 7 | ?????? | 1.5 | 20-30 |
| 8 | ?????????? | ~1 | 20-30 |
??????? ???? ????????? ???????? ??????? ?????????????
??????? ??????? ?? ??????, ? Ostrduck ??????????? ????????? ?? ????? ????????? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????? ??. ?? ?????????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ???????, ?????? ???????? ??? ESG ???????? ????????? ???? ?????? ???????? ??.
1. ???????
??? ??? ????? ???????? ????? ???? ????? ??.
??????:
???????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ?????, ????? ??? ?????????? ??????????? ???.
?? ??????????:
- ???????? ??????:????? ????? ???? ???? ????, ???? ??? ????????? ???????? ???.
- ????? ???? ??? ??????:??????? ?????? ????????? ?????.
- ???????/??????????? ??????????:???? ????? ??????? / ???????? ????? ??? ????? ????.
- ????????:??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ?????.
- ??????? ??????? ?????:????, ????? ??? ?????????? ?????? ??? ???? ???? 2D/?D ???? ?????.
???? ?????:
???? ??????/???? ??????.
2. ????? ??? ??????
??????? ?????? ??? ????????? ?????? ???? ???? ???Blueprints???.
??????:
?????, ????????? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???.
?? ??????????:
- ???????? ??????:?????? ??? ?????? ???????? ?????.
- ???????? ??? ?????????:?????????? ???????? ??? ?????? ???????? ???.
- ??? ??????:????????? ??????, ?????? ??????, ??? ???? (???-???/????????????). ??????? ??????, ??????? ?????? ??? ????????? ??????.
- ?????? ??????:?????? ??????, ??????? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ???.
?????????:
?????? ?????? ??????, ??? ??????
3. ???????
???????? ??????? ??????????????????? ????????? ??????
??????:
????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ????????? ???.
?? ??????????:
??????:???????, ??? ?????, ???????? ???, ???? ???????, ????????, ???, ???????, ??????? ?????????? ??????? ?????.
??????? ???:?????????, ??????, ????? ???????, ???????? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? (TSF).
?????? ??????? ??? ??????:
- ???????, ???????????, ?????, ????? ??? ????????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??? ????????.
- ????????, ??????????? ??? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ???.
- ???? ???? ???????: ????????? ????? ????????? ??????.
- ??? ???????: ??/???? ???? ?????, ?????? ?????? ??? ????????? ???? ???? ???? ???????.
?????????:
????? ???? ????? ???? ???????.
???. ????? ??? ??????
?????-?????? ??????? ?? ???
??????:
????????, ?????, ?????????, ??? ??????? ??????
?? ??????????:
ORE ?????? ??? ???:
- ??????? & ??????????:????? ???? ????? ????.
- ?????? & ?????:????? ???????????/?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?? ???.
???????:???? ???????, ???????????, ??????, ????, ???????????? ?????? ???? ?????. ????? ???????????? ????????? ??? (???????? ??, ?????? ???, ???????? ???, ???? ????).
?????:?????? ????????, ???? ??? ?????? ????? ???????? ????? ???? ???? ????.
???????? ????????:????? ???, ??????????????, ??? ???????????; ??????????? ??????? ???? ???????????? ??????? ???. ?????? ??????????: ?????????, ?????, PPE, ??? ??????? ??????????? ???????? ???? ???.
5. ????? ??? ???????????
????? ??????? ??????
?????????:
??????? ??????? ??????? ?????.
??????:
????, ????????, ??? ????? ????? ???????.
?? ??????????:
- ???????? ???????:????? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ?????/??????/???????.
- ????? ????:?????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????.
- ??????????? ????????????:???????? ?????? ???? ????????? ?????? ???? ????/???/?????? ?????? ??? ???.
?????????:
??? ???????
6. ?????? ?????? ??? ?????
?????????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???? ??????????
??????:
?????????, ?????????? ???????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???.
?? ??????????:
- ???? ???????? ??? ????? ??: ??????? ??????? ????????? ???? ???? ???????? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ???????? ?????? ?????? (TSF) ???? ?????? ???? ???????????? ??? ??.
- TSF ??????????:????? ???????, ???? ??? ?????? ?????????? ??? ????????? ???; ???? ???? загрязнение ????? ???? ?? ???? impermeable ??????? ??????? ???? ??? ????????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???.
- ????????? ????? ?????:??????? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???????????? ?????? ????? ???, ?????? ????? ??????? ???:????????? ????? ???? ??????????? ??????? ?????, ??? ????? ??? ?????????? ????? ???? ????, ?????, ???? ??????????? ????? ????????? ????? ????? ??, ???? ???????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ??.
- ???????? ????????:?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???, ???? ?????????? ??? ???? ?????? ???????????? ?????? TSF?? ??? ??? ??? ?????????? ??????????? ???.
????? 铜 ??? ??????
90% ???? ??? ???????? ????? ????????? ???? ? ??? ????? ????????? ?????? ??? ??, ?? ????? ??????, ???? ??, ??? ?????????? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ??.
??????? ?? ???????? (???? ???????)
???? ?????:
??????? ????? (???????????, ????????, ?????????) ???? ???????? ??????, ?? ??????? ????????? >80% ??? ??? ??.
?????:
????? ??????? ??????????? ??????? ??? ????, ?????? ???????????? ?????????? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ???? ??????????? ????? ??.
??????? ??????:
- 1. ???? ????? ?????? ????? ?????/????
- 2. ??????: ???????? Cu Concentration
- 3. ???????: ????? ????? ??????? ???
- 4. ????????????: ?????????? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ???????
- 5. ???? ????????? ?????????: ??????????? ????? ???????
??????? ???? ???? ?????? (???????????????)
???? ?????:?????? ???? (???????, ???????), ???? ?????????? ???? ???? ?????? ????.
?????:???? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ???????????? ????????? ???? ?????? ????? ???????? ???????? ???? ???? ?? (??????, ????? ?????? H2SO4 ??????).
?????:????????? ????, ???? ???????. ??????: ????? ?????, ???-???????.
??????? ??????:
- 1.??? ??????: ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ???????
- 2.??? ??????: ?????????? ?????? ??????? ???
- 3.?????? ????????: SX-EW ????????? ?????? ????? ???? ???????? ??? ??
???????? ?????
???? ?????:????????? ???? ????? ?????????? ???? ??????????? ??? Cu ????? ????
?????:????? ??? ????????????????? ??????????????????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ??.
?????:???????? ????? ??????: ???????? ???? ??????? ??????, ???? ????????????
??????? ??????:
- ?????: ?????, ????? ????, sluices
- 2.????? ????? ?????: ??????? → ?????? → ????????????? ????????.
- 3. ???? ????????? ??????: ?????? ?.
???????????? ?????? ????? ?????????
???? ???????? ????? ???? ????????? ??????????? ????????? ???? ????? ????? ???????? ?????????:
??????? ???????:
?????? Cu ????????? ?? ???? 铜??? ??????? ???
????? ?????:
???? ????? ??????????? Au, Ag, Mo, ?????.
???????????? ????????:
???????? ????? ?? ?????????? ????? ?????????? ????
??? ?????:
???????????? ???? ???????, ???? ??????, ?????? ????????? ???
????????? ?????
???? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????????
(??????—??????—??????????????)
????? ?????:
- ??? ????? ????
- ?????? ???? ?????????????? ?????? ???????? ??? ??.
- ????????? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ????
- ??? ????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ????
- ????? ???? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??.
????
?????? ?????