°Õ²¹°ì²¹¾±³Ù²¹·É²¹£ºA halin yanzu, kamar yadda samar da bu?atu na kasuwa na ?asa da ?arfe suke, ?aramar ?asa da injiniya ta samar da tallafin albarkatun da za a yi amfani da su wajen gina abubuwan more rayuwa, kiyaye ruwa da makamashin ruwa, masana'antar sinadarai, da sauransu.
A halin yanzu, kamar yadda samar da bu?atu na kasuwa na ?asa da ?arfe suke, ?aramar ?asa da injiniya ta samar da tallafin albarkatun da za a yi amfani da su wajen gina abubuwan more rayuwa, kiyaye ruwa da makamashin ruwa,
Ga abubuwa 9 da suka shafi ka'idodin yashi na injini:
1, Ma'anar yashin injini
Dangane da ka'idar kasa, dukkanin yashin injini da yashin hade da aka sarrafa tare da cire ?asa ana kiransu yashi na wucin gadi. Ma'anar takamaiman yashin injini shine ?ananan ?ayyadaddun duwatsu tare da girman ?wayoyinsu kasa da milimita 4.75, wa?anda aka samu ta hanyar narkar da ?asa da na'ura kuma cirewa, amma ba ya hada da ?ananan duwatsu da ?ananan duwatsu masu tsafta.
2, Ka'idodin yashin injini
A halin yanzu, yawancin ?arfe na roba ne na matsakaici zuwa na tsakiyar-?arfi, modulus na fineness yana tsakanin 2.6 zuwa 3.6, tsarin ?wayoyin abu yana da ?arfi da kuma daidaitawa, kuma yana ?unshe da wasu ?wayoyin dutse. Baya ga ragewar 150?m, sauran ragewar da aka yi sune na siffar kusurwa ko murabba'i, saman su na kama, da kuma gefunan su na kaifi.
Amma, saboda bambancin tushen ma'adanai da aka yi amfani da su wajen samar da ?arfe na roba da kuma bambancin kayan aiki da hanyoyin da aka yi amfani da su, nau'in ?wayoyin da kuma tsarin ?wayoyin ?arfe na roba na iya samun bambanci sosai. Misali,
Wa?anda ba su cika bu?atun ?a'idodin ?asa na yashi na wucin gadi ba, ba za a iya amfani da su nan da nan ba, saboda siffar ?wayoyin yashi na wucin gadi da kuma yadda suke daidaitawa ana iya gyara su kuma inganta su. Halayen da ke sama na yashi na ha?uwa ana rage su ta hanyar daidaitawar kayan aikin yashi na injiniya.
Nau'ikan yashi na injiniya ana rarraba su zuwa nau'i hu?u bisa ma'aunin ?wayar ?wayoyi (Mx): mai zurfi, matsakaici, ?anana da ?anana sosai:
Ma'aunin ?wayar ?wayoyin yashi mai zurfi shine: 3.7-3.1, kuma girman ?wayoyin matsakaici ya fi 0.5mm.
Nau'in ?arfi na yashi mai matsakaici shine: 3.0-2.3, matsakaicin girman kwayoyin shine 0.5mm-0.35mm,
Nau'in ?arfi na yashi mai kyau shine 2.2-1.6, kuma matsakaicin girman kwayoyin shine 0.35mm-0.25mm;
Nau'in ?arfi na yashi mai kyau sosai shine: 1.5-0.7, kuma matsakaicin girman kwayoyin shine ?asa da 0.25mm;
?arfin ?arfi na yashi ya fi girma, ?ari ya fi girma; ?aramin ?arfin ?arfi, ?ari ya fi kyau.
3, Tsarin da amfani da yashi na masana'antu
Tsarin: Tsarin yashi na masana'antu an raba shi zuwa matakai uku: Na I, Na II, da Na III bisa bu?atun ?warewar.
Yi amfani da:
Yandi na Aji Na ?aya yana dacewa da ?arfe na ?asa da ?arfi mafi girma fiye da C60;
Yandi na Aji Na biyu yana dacewa da ?arfe na ?asa da ?arfi C30-C60 da juriyar sanyi, hana ruwa ko bu?atu?u;
Yandi na Aji Na uku yana dacewa da ?arfe da ?asa na gini tare da ?arfin ?asa ?asa da C30.
4, Bu?atun yandin da injiniya ya yi
Girman ?ananan yandin injiniya yana tsakanin 4.75-0.15mm, kuma akwai iyakar rabo ga ?asa ?asa da 0.075mm. Girman ?ananan yandinsa sune 4.75, 2.36, 1.18, 0.60, 0.30, da 0.15. Girman ?ananan yandin ya kamata ya kasance na ci gaba.
5. Nau'in girman ?ananan ?asa masu ?era injiniya
Nau'in girman ?ananan ?asa yana nufin yadda ake daidaita girman ?ananan ?asa. Idan ?asa ce mai kauri ?aya, nesa tsakaninsu ya fi girma; idan aka daidaita nau'ikan ?asa biyu, nesa tsakaninsu ya ragu; idan aka daidaita nau'ikan ?asa uku, nesa tsakaninsu ya fi ?an?an. Yana nuna cewa ?arfin ?asa ya dogara da daidaitawar girman ?ananan ?asa. ?asa mai nau'in girma mai kyau ba kawai za ta adana siminti ba, har ma za ta inganta ?arfi da ?arfin ?asa da ?ura.
6. Abubuwan da ake amfani da su wajen samar da ?asa mai ?era injiniya
Yawanci ana amfani da dutse mai ?arfi, basalt, ?aramin dutse na kogin, dutse mai girma, andesite, rhyolite, diabase, diorite, sandstone, limestone da sauran nau'ikan su wajen samar da ?asa mai ?era injiniya. Ana bambanta ?asa mai ?era injiniya bisa nau'in dutse, wanda ke haifar da ?arfi daban-daban da amfani daban-daban.
7. Bukatun siffar ?wayoyin ?asa mai ?era injiniya
Dutse mai karyewa na gini yana da iyakokin daidaitaccen ha?in ?wayoyin ?wayoyi masu siffar allura. Dalilin da ya sa ne ?wayoyin ?wayoyi masu siffar kwabo suna da gefuna da kusurwoyi, wanda ke iya taka rawar wasa na ha?uwa tsakanin ?wayoyi. A cikin
Sifofi 8 na yashi da injini suka yi
Halayen ?asa mai ?arfi da aka shirya tare da ?asa mai yin injiniya sune: raguwar ?arfin ?asa da kuma ingantaccen ?arfin ?asa na 28d; idan an ri?e ?arfin ?asa na yau da kullum, bu?atar ruwa na ?aruwa. Amma a ?ar?ashin shara?in ba a ?ara siminti ba,
Idan an yi ?ididdigar ?asa ta ?asa bisa ka'idar yawan ?asa na halitta, bu?atar ruwa ta ?asa ta ?era tana da yawa, ikon aiki yana da ?asa ka?an, kuma yana da sau?i don haifar da zubar da jini, musamman a cikin ?asa mai ?arfi ?asa da ?arancin amfani da siminti; Amma, idan an tsara ?ididdigar ?asa bisa halayen ?asa ta ?era, ta hanyar amfani da ?asa mai kyau a cikin ?asa ta ?era da kuma daidaita rabo na ?asa a cikin ?asa ta ?era, yana yiwuwa a shirya ?asa mai kyawun aiki.
Hanya da aka yi amfani da ita wajen tsara ?arfin ?asa mai al'ada ta dace gaba ?aya da ?asa mai ?arfi da aka yi amfani da injiniya. ?asa mai ?arfi mafi dacewa wajen yin ?asa mai ?arfi tana da ?arfin ?asa tsakanin 2.6 zuwa 3.0 da ?arfin ?asa na aji II.
9, Dabarar binciken ?asa mai ?arfi da aka yi amfani da injiniya
Gwamnati ta ?ayyade ?a'idojin binciken ?asa mai ?arfi, kuma abubuwan da suka fi muhimmanci sune: ?arfin ?asa na gani, ?arfi, adadin ?asa, ?arfin ?asa, ?imar methylene blue, ?arfin ?asa, da dai sauransu.
Tattaunawa
Samun Magani