°Õ²¹°ì²¹¾±³Ù²¹·É²¹£ºTsarin inganta chromite yana dauke da matakai da dama, galibi yana ha?awa da Wargaji, Nika, Gida, Mayar da hankali, da kuma Karya ruwa.
Chromite ore muhimmin abu ne na farko don samar da chromium, wanda ake amfani da shi sosai a masana'antu daban-daban kamar samar da karfe mai jure shafar ruwa, samar da sinadarai, da aikace-aikacen masifat. Tsarin inganta chromite ore yana nufin raba mahalarta masu mahimmanci na chromite daga kayan da ke tare da su, yana kara yawan chromium da sanya shi dace da ci gaba da aikin. Wannan rubutun zai yi nazarin tsari inganta chromite ore daki-daki bisa ga shafin zane da aka bayar, yana rufe kowanne mataki daga gudanar da ore na farko zuwa samar da babban chromite.
Manufar Inganta Chromite
Albarkatun chromitesuna bambanta sosai a cikin tsari, launi, da girman grains bisa ga asalin su na geoloji. Gaba?aya, chromite yana samuwa a cikin duwatsu masu karfi na ultramafic da mafic, wanda akasari yana tare da serpentine, olivine, magnetite, da silicate gangue minerals.
Babban manufofin rashin ?arancin chromite sune:
- Ha?aka abun Cr?O? don cika ka'idodin kasuwa (yawanci >40% don ingancin ?arfe).
- Cire gurbataccen abubuwa kamar silica, alumina, magnesium oxide, da iron oxides.
- Samu rarraba girman kwayoyin da ya dace don aikin ?asa.
- Ka ha?aka dawo da ma'adanin chromite.
Tsarin Gudanar da Moriyar Chromite
Tsarin amfanin gona na Chromite yana da matakai da yawa, galibi yana ha?awa da Gur?ataccen ?arya, Nika, Rarrabuwa, Tsara, da Ja ruwa. Za?in dabaru yana dogara da halayen ore da ?a'idodin samfurin da ake so.
1. Sarrafa Ore Raw
Tsarin amfanin gona na ore chromite yana farawa da sarrafa ore raw. Ore raw, wanda galibi ana hakar daga ramin bu?e ko ma'adanai na ?asa, ana fara shigar da shi cikin mai ba da abinci. Aikin mai bayar da abinci shine don tsara gudunmawar ore raw, wanda ke tabbatar da kaya mai tasiri da sarrafa mai zuwa matakin gurgunta. Wannan mataki ne mai mahimmanci na farko yayin da yake kafa tushen dukan tsarin amfanin gona, yana hana yawan abinci ko ?arancin abinci ga kayan aikin gurgunta.
2. Matakin Tsarke
2.1 Tsarin Tafasa na Farko
Gaskiya ne cewa mai kyau na ore daga mai fitarwa yana tura zuwa injin gyaran PE jaw don farko na rushewa. Injin gyaran PE jaw na da ?arfi sosai wanda ke amfani da karfin matsa lamba don karya manyan kwayoyin ore zuwa ?ananan kwayoyi. Yana da babban bude shigarwa kuma yana iya ?aukar kwayoyin da suka yi girma sosai. Aikin rushewa a cikin injin gyaran jaw yana faruwa yayin da jaw ?in mai motsi ke matsa ore a kan jaw ?in da aka kafa, yana rage girman sa. Fitarwa daga injin gyaran farko yawanci yana cikin kewayon wasu dari na millimita, wanda daga bisani zai zama shirye don ci gaba da sarrafawa a matakin rushewa na biyu.
2.2 Fashewa na Biyu
Bayan fashewa na farko, ana shigar da ma'adinan zuwa cikin injin fashewa na conical don fashewa na biyu. Injin fashewa na conical yana rage girman kwayoyin ma'adinan ta hanyar amfani da ha?in ?arfin matsawa da ?arfin yanka. Yana da dakin fashewa mai ?yalli tare da mantle mai motsi da concave mai dindindin. Ana fashe ma'adinan yayin da yake wucewa ta cikin tazarar dake tsakanin mantle da concave, wanda ke haifar da rarrabewar girman kwaya mafi daidaito. Ana tantance samfurin daga injin fashewa na conical ta amfani da na'urar tantancewa mai tsalle. Na'urar tantancewa mai tsalle tana raba ma'adinan da aka fashe zuwa cikin kashi na girma daban-daban, tare da kwayoyi masu girma fiye da 20 mm suna komawa ga injin fashewa na conical don sake fata, da kwayoyi a cikin yankin girman da ake so (kasa da 3 mm a wannan yanayin) suna zuwa mataki na gaba na tsarin.
3. Nika
Ores da aka tace suna da girman ?asa da 3 mm ana shigar da su cikin mill na ?wallo don grinding. Mill na ?wallo na¡¯ura ce mai silinda cike da ?wallon ?arfe. Yayin da mill ke juyawa, ?wallon ?arfe suna yin fa?a da murkushe ?wayoyin ore, suna rage su zuwa zarra mai kyau. Tsarin grinding yana da mahimmanci don fitar da ma'adanin chromite daga kayan gangue. Ana kula da matakin grinding da kyau don tabbatar da cewa ma'adanin chromite sun bayyana sosai ba tare da yin grinding fiye da kima ba, wanda zai iya haifar da ?arin amfani da makamashi da samuwar ?ananan zarra da suke da wahalar a raba.
4. Rarrabawa
Bayannan karkashin wannan tsari, ruwan gwangwani daga injin ball yana shiga cikin mai rarrabawa mai kwarara. Mai rarrabawa mai kwarara yana amfani da banbanci a cikin saurin saukar da ?wayoyin da suka bambanta a cikin ruwa don raba su. Manyan da nauyin ?wayoyin suna sauka da sauri kuma ana ?auke su ta hanyar mai kawo kwarara a ?asan mai rarrabawa, yayin da ?wayoyin ?ananan ke tsaya a cikin ruwan jujjuyawa kuma ana fitar da su a matsayin zuba. Ruwan da aka raba daga mai rarrabawa mai kwarara, wanda ke dauke da manyan ?wayoyin, yawanci ana mayar da shi zuwa injin ball don ci gaba da nika, yayin da zuba, wanda ke dauke da ?wayoyin da aka nika sosai, yana tafiya zuwa matakin tsarin ha?awa.
5. Mataki na Mayar da hankali
5.1 Jigging
Ruwan ?arni da aka ?yale daga juyin ma'auni na ruwan jigi yana shigar da jigger. Jigger na'urar raba nauyi ce wanda ke aiki bisa ga bambance-bambancen nauyin takamaiman na abubuwan chromite da kayan gangue. Chromite tana da nauyi na musamman mai yawa idan aka kwatanta da mafi yawan kayan gangue. A cikin jigger, ana amfani da ruwa mai tsangwama, wanda ke sa ?wayoyin chromite masu nauyi su fa?i ?asa yayin da ?wayoyin gangue masu lightaka ke zama a saman. Samfurin ?asa daga jigger shine mai mai yawan chromite, wanda ake tura zuwa silo na mai, yayin da ore na tsakiya da tailings sukan kara sarrafa su.
5.2 Rarrabewar Tsalle mai Layi
Tsakar ma'adinin daga jigger ana shigar da shi cikin tsallen spirali. Tsallen spirali wata na'ura ce ta rarrabewa ta amfani da nauyi tsakanin nauyi, karfin centrifuge, da kashi don raba ?wayoyin. Yayin da ruwan ma'adanin ke gudana a tsallen spirali, ?wayoyin chromite masu nauyi suna motsawa zuwa cikin gefen tsallen yayin da aka tattara su a matsayin ruwan ha?in, yayin da ?wayoyin gangue masu haske ke motsawa zuwa gefen waje kuma ana fitar da su a matsayin rawaya. Ruwan ha?in daga tsallen spirali kuma yana tura zuwa silon ruwan ha?in, kuma ma'adinin tsakiya za a iya ?ara sarrafawa.
5.3 Raba Tabbataccen Tebur
Tashewar ma'adinan daga bututun spiral da sauran kayayyakin tsaka-tsaki ana shigar da su cikin teburin rabuwa don karin rabuwa. Teburin rabuwa yana da tasiri sosai wajen raba ?ananan ?wayoyi bisa ga nauyin su, siffar su, da girman su. Teburin rabuwa yana da saman da ke lankwasawa wanda ke tashi, yana haifar da motsin ?wayoyin a cikin alamar zig - zag. ?wayoyin chromite masu nauyi suna motsawa da sauri sosai kuma suna taruwa a ?arshen ?asan tebur, yayin da ?wayoyin gangue masu haske ke motsawa da sauri sosai kuma ana fitar dasu a saman. Ana iya amfani da teburin rabuwa da yawa a jere don samun babban matakin rabuwa da kuma samar da ingantaccen ha?in chromite.
6. Mataki na ?an?ara
6.1 Kankara
Concentrate na chromite daga matakin tarawa yana ?auke da babban adadin ruwa. Don rage yawan ruwan, ana fara shigar da concentrate a cikin ?ankara. ?ankara babban akwati ne mai silinda inda ake barin ruwan kankara ya zauna ?ar?ashin tasirin nauyi. Yayin da ?wayoyin ke zaune, ana juyar da ruwan mai tsabta a saman, kuma ana fitar da kankara mai kauri a ?asan. ?ankara tana taimakawa wajen ?ara yawan abubuwa na kankara daga ?asa da kashi 20 - 30% zuwa kashi 40 - 60%.
6.2 Gyarawa da Kunya
Bayan kauri, an shigar da kayan da aka karu a cikin kayan gyarawa. Kayan gyarawa yana amfani da matsi na kunya don ja ruwa ta hanyar kayan tace, yana barin bayan kukis na kayan chromite. Tsarin gyarawa da kunya yana rage yawan ruwa a cikin kayan har zuwa matakin da ya dace don adanawa da jigila, yawanci kusan 8 - 12%. Daga bisani, an tura kayan chromite da aka samu zuwa cikin silo na kayan don adanawa na ?arshe.
7. Bayar da Tattalin Arziki
Kayan da aka kashe daga matakan rabuwa daban-daban, wanda ya ? predominantlyun gwanjo ne, ana tattarawa kuma ana zubar da su ta hanyar da ta dace da muhalli. Ana iya ajiye kayan a cikin dam ?in kaya ko kuma a yi musu ?arin magani domin dawo da dukkan minerals masu ?ima da suka rage ko kuma don rage tasirin su a muhalli. A wasu lokuta, ana iya sake sarrafa kayan ta amfani da ?arin fasahohin rabuwa don ?ara yawan dawo da chromite daga ore na asali.
Inganta Tsarin da Kalubale
Ingantaccen Tsari
Don inganta inganci da tabbacin tattalin arziki na tsarin rarrabuwa na chromite ore, za a iya daukar matakan ingantawa da dama. Wadannan sun hada da inganta tsarin karya da nika don cimma mafi kyawun sakin ma'adanin chromite yayin rage amfani da makamashi. Zabin da daidaita sigogin kayan rarrabawa, kamar yadda ruwa ke gudana a cikin jigger da ma'aunin girgiza na teburin girgije, na iya shafar ingancin rarrabawa sosai. Hakanan, amfani da ci-gaba tsarin sarrafa ayyuka zai iya taimakawa wajen sa ido da daidaita aikin a cikin lokaci na gaske, yana tabbatar da aikin da aka daidaita da samfur mai inganci mai kyau.
Kalubale
Tsarin inganta ruwan chromite yana fuskantar kalubale da dama. Daya daga cikin manyan kalubalen shine magance canje-canje a ingancin ore na asali. Yin azumi a wuraren chromite na iya samun manyan bambance-bambance a cikin mineralogy, daraja, da rarraba girman kwaya, wanda zai iya shafar aikin tsarin ingantawa. Wani kalubale shine kariya daga muhalli. Tsarin ingantawa yana haifar da manyan adadi na tailings, wanda dole ne a gudanar da shi yadda ya kamata don hana gurbatar muhalli. Bugu da ?ari, amfani da ruwa a cikin tsarin na iya zama damuwa a yankunan da ke da ?arancin ruwa, kuma ana bu?atar ?o?ari don ha?aka fasahohin adana ruwa da tsarin sake amfani da su.
Tsarin inganta ma'adinan chromite yana da matakai masu yawa da kuma rikitarwa wanda ke ?unshe da jerin dabarun raba jiki don fitar da mahimman ma'adanai na chromite daga ma'adanin farko. Kowanne mataki, daga sarrafa ma'adanin farko har zuwa samar da ruwan chromite da kuma zubar da tarkace, yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen tabbatar da inganci da tasiri gaba ?aya na tsarin. Ta hanyar fahimtar ka'idodi da ayyukan kowanne mataki, tare da magance kalubale da damammaki don ingantawa, masana'antar inganta ma'adinan chromite za ta iya ci gaba da inganta aikinta kuma ta ba da gudummawa ga samar da chromium mai ?orewa don amfani daban-daban na masana'antu.
Tattaunawa
Samun Magani