麻豆社

罢补办补颈迟补飞补：Fasaha mai inganci ta amfani da kwaza-kwaza gaba daya ita ce tushen kamfanoni su samar da amfanin tattalin arziki da na zamantakewa.

Yanayin amfani da kwaza-kwaza

1. Adadin kwaza-kwaza

A cikin tsarin ma'adinai da sarrafawa na ma'adinai ba na kwal ba, ana samar da yawa kwaza-kwaza. Alal misali, a ?arshen 2017, akwai manyan ma'adinai 44,998 ba na kwal ba a China. Don adana wa

?azamin, a matsayin sharar da ?arfi da kuma ikon adanawa, yana haifar da matsaloli na muhalli da ha?arin tsaro, yana hana ci gaban da?a?a tattalin arzikin ma'adinai da biranen ma'adinai sosai.

2. Rarraba?a??en ?ura

Matsayin ?ura na halitta yana da rikitarwa kuma ana iya raba shi zuwa nau'ikan biyar bisa abubuwan da ke cikin shi:

1)?ura da ke kunshe da quartz, kamar na ?arfe da na zinari;

2)?ura da ke kunshe da feldspar da quartz, kamar na molybdenum na potassium feldspar quartz vein;

3)?ura da ke kunshe da carbonates. Yawancin ma'adinai da ke cikinta sune calcite, limestone, dolomite, da dai sauransu, tare da yawan ?asa;

4)?ura da ke kunshe da silicates.

Babban abubuwan da ke cikin ma'adanai sun hada da kaolin, bauxite, wollastonite, diopside, epidote, garnet, chlorite, nepheline, zeolite, mica, olivine da hornblende.

5) Sauran nau'ikan sharar.

Bugu da kari ga nau'ikan sharar da aka ambata a sama, wasu sharar kuma suna dauke da ma'adanai kamar fluorite, barite, da gypsum.

3. Ha?arin tarin sharar.

Asarar albarkatu

A farkon matakai, saboda karancin fasaha na amfani da ma'adanai da kuma rashin sanin amfani da su gaba daya, an barar da yawa daga cikin albarkatu masu daraja a cikin sharar.

Garkuwa da ?asar

Tarin tarkacen ma'adinai yana ?aukar yawa daga ?asar. Bugu da ?ari, aikin ma'adinai ya haifar da yawan goafs da yankuna da suka rushe, wanda hakan ya haifar da lalata yawa daga ?asar.

Hadarin ilimin kasa

Tarin yawan tarkacen ma'adinai na iya haifar da bala'i na biyu, wanda hakan ya shafi lafiyar mutane da dukiyarsu, kamar rushewar tafkin tarkacen ma'adinai, rushewar dutse da kwararowar tarkace.

Lalacewar muhalli

Tarkacen ma'adinai sun lalata muhalli da ke kewaye, kamar ?asa, shuka, iska da tushen ruwa.

?imbin damammaki na amfani da ?azamar ma'adinai

1. Amfani da ?azamar ma'adinai a cikakken fa?i

Tsaftacewa bayan cirewa

Saboda fasaha mara kyau ta inganta ma'adinai a farkon lokaci, tare da ?ananan adadin ma'adinai ?aya da yawa da kuma yawa na ma'adinai daban-daban da ke tare, ?azamar ma'adinai da yawa a cikin ma'adinai suna ?unshe da ?aya ko fiye da ?arfe ko kayan ba ?arfe. Saboda haka, kamfanonin ma'adinai suna gudanar da ayyukan ma'adinai akan tafkunan ?azamar ma'adinai da ke wanzuwa da kuma tsaftacewar ?azamar ma'adinai da aka samu bayan cirewa, da kuma sake samun abubuwan da ke da amfani daga ?azamar ma'adinai, don haka inganta albarkatun.

Yin kayan gini

Da ci gaban ababen more rayuwa, albarkatun ?asa masu yawa a yankuna da dama suna raguwa a hankali. Domin biyan bu?atun kayan gini da kuma ?ar?ashin ?asa, kamfanoni da dama na kayan gini sun fara sayen ?arfe daga masana'antun ma'adanai a kusa, a matsayin kayan da za a yi amfani da su wajen samar da ?ar?ashin ?asa da kuma ?ar?ashin ?asa.

Masana'antun ma'adanai a ka'ida suna cikin yanayin sayarwa da ba da kayan da ba a yi amfani da su ba, wanda ba wai kawai zai iya samun tallafin ku?i ba, har ma zai iya sakin sararin ajiyar ?arfe.

Cikin ?asa cika

Cikin ?asa cika na tarkon ma'adinai shine aikin ?ara siminti da sauran kayan ?arfafawa cikin tarkon ma'adinai domin inganta lokacin ha?uwa da ?arfi. Sa'an nan, tarkon ma'adinai ana aika su zuwa wurin da aka yi aikin goaf na ma'adinai ta hanyar wurin cika. Wasu ma'adinan za su iya kai tsaye amfani da ?aya zuwa biyu ko uku na tarkon ma'adinai ta wannan hanyar.

Yin taki

Ta hanyar cire iri-irin sinadarin ?asa daga tarkon ma'adinai daidai daidaita su, za a iya samar da takin da ya dace da amfanin noma da kayan ?asa ko sauran kayan amfanin ku?i. Aikace-aikacen aiki ba su da yawa.

Mayar da kayan da aka zubar

Yanayin da ake amfani da shi don sake gina kwalliyar ?asar da aka zubar da ita (tailings) shine rufe saman bakin teku da kuma saman ?asa mai karkata na tafkin zubar da ?wayoyin abu bayan rufewa, sannan a shuka shuka ko amfanin gona don kare ?wayoyin abu daga yuwuwar iska da ruwan sama su ?auke su a yanayin da ake ciki, don haka kada su lalata yanayin da ke kewaye.

3. Amfanin amfani da ?wayoyin abu gaba?aya

Sake amfani da tafkin zubar da ?wayoyin abu ba wai kawai zai canza ?wayoyin abu zuwa kayan ?ima ba, kuma ya rage matsin lamba na tattalin arziki da aka haifar da ginin tafkin zubar da ?wayoyin abu daga tushe ba, amma kuma ya kawar da ha?arin tsaro gaba ?aya da aka haifar da tarin ?wayoyin abu, kuma ya rage matsalar da ke tattare da su.

4. Matsalolin da ke hana yin dausayi daga tarkacen ma'adinai

Rashin amfani da albarkatun ma'adinai sosai

A yanzu haka, kashi mai yawa na amfani da albarkatun ma'adinai a cikin ma'adanai masu yawa yana da ?asa, kuma wannan kashi bai inganta ba tsawon lokaci.

Ma'adanai masu ?an?anta, da wahalar kulawa

Wasu ma'adanai masu ?an?anta, da sha'awar samun riba, suna amfani da hanyoyin da suka tsufa na fitar da ma'adinai da bunkasa su, suna fitar da ma'adinai da ?azantarwa ba tare da tunani ba, har ma suna tarwatsa da kuma sanya tarkace ba tare da tsari ba. Yana da wahala da tsada wajen kulawa da wa?annan ma'adanai masu rabuwa sosai da kuma ?an?anta.

Rashin tsarin aiki na gama gari

Akwai nau'o'in yashi da abubuwa masu rikitarwa daban-daban na yashi, kuma babu tsarin maganin da aka gama gari a yanzu. Dole ne a bincika tsarin aiki da kayan aikin samar da yashi na yashi bisa abubuwa kamar nau'in yashi, ha?in ma'adanai, halayen girman ?wayoyi, da sauransu.

Tsari na yashi na samar da yashi

Bisa abubuwa kamar ha?in ma'adanai, halaye na dutse, da halayen girman ?wayoyi na yashi, zaka iya tsara tsari na samar da yashi na yashi, samar da ?ananan ?wayoyi da injiniya.

Aiki na samar da ?asa mai kyau da na'ura mai sau?i ya kamata ya sami tsarin da yake sau?i da ?an?anta, girman ?ananan ?wayoyin abu mai kyau, ?ara daraja mai girma, ?imar narkarwa ?asa da ?ima, da ?ananan ?wayoyin abu masu kama da kibiya da faranti. Kashi na amfani da abubuwan da suka rage zai kai 85%, kuma an inganta kashi na amfani da albarkatun sosai.

?wayoyin ?asa masu ?arfi: Bisa ga bu?atun ?ara daraja na ?wayoyin ?asa, bayan narkarwa, raba, siffantawa da rarraba, duwatsu masu lalacewa sun zama ?wayoyin ?asa masu ?arfi na 5-10mm, 10-20mm, da 20-31.5mm.

Tafin da injiniya suka yi: Kayan -5mm da tsarin samar da ?ananan duwatsu ya samar da shi, ana amfani dashi wajen samar da tafin ?arami na 0.3 ~ 4mm da tafin babba na 4 ~ 5mm bayan an cire ?ananan duwatsu → an wanke tafin → an raba shi ta amfani da maganin magnet.

(1) Shiga: kayan juyawa.

(2) Tsarin karya babba: injin karya na jaw tare da girman abinci na 150-500mm da girman fitarwa na 400-125mm.

(3) Tsarin karya matsakaici: injin karya na cone ko injin karya na impact tare da girman abinci na 400-125mm da girman fitarwa na 100-50mm. Injin karya na cone ya dace da karya kayan ?asan da suka yi matukar wuya, yayin da injin karya na impact ya dace da karya kayan da ba su yi wuya ba sosai.

(4) Tsarin rushewa mai kyau: injin rushewa na cone da injin rushewa na vertical shaft impact, tare da girman abin shiga 100-50mm da girman fitarwa 32-5mm.

(5) Bincike da tattara ?ura: allo mai rawa + mai tattara ?ura na hanyar bushewa.

(6) Tsarawa: mai-tattara-?asa na tsarawa (Bayan an rarraba kayan da aka karya zuwa ?ananan sassa, ?wayoyin da suka dace an aika su zuwa akwatin adanawa ta hanyar ?aramin motar kai. Kayan da ba su cika bu?atun girman ?wayoyi da siffar ?wayoyi ba, ana mayar da su mai-tattara-?asa na tsarawa don a sake sarrafawa da tsarawa ta hanyar ?aramin motar kai.).

(7) Bincike da tattara ?ura: allo mai rawa + mai tattara ?ura na hanyar busasshi.

(8) Gwajin jigilar kayayyaki: ?aramin ?aukar kaya.

(9) Rarrabuwa: yashi mai ?arfi ana rarrabuwa ta hanyar allo mai rawa, kuma yashin ?ananan ana samunsa ta hanyar injin wanke yashi, injin tattara yashin ?ananan da aikin busasshewa.

Hankalin da za a ?auka a yayin amfani da yashin da aka samu daga ?asa mai ?asa

Sarrafa ingancin samarwa da gini na ?asa mai ?asa

1. Fuskar yashin ?asa mai ?asa yana da ?arfi kuma yana da babban rami. Don inganta aikin concrete, dole ne a ?ara wasu adadin kayan ha?in ma'adinai a cikin concrete na yashin ?asa mai ?asa, kamar abu na biyu ko sama da shi na ?azamar wuta, ?ura na ?arfe, da sauransu.

2. Ruwan da ?asa mai daukar ruwa na ?asa mai daukar ruwa na ?asa mai daukar ruwa ba shi da kyau sosai, kuma ruwa yana iya rasa sau?i kuma ya ?one, don haka ?arafa dole ne ta kasance mai daidaituwa, kuma ?arafa mai yawa ba za a yarda ba. Aikin musamman ya kamata a yi don inganta kariya a farkon lokaci da kula da ruwa (tsakanin kwanaki 7 zuwa 14) domin hana fashewar bushewa.

Matakai na kula da amfani da ?asa mai daukar ruwa

1. Ga siminti mai ruwa na kasuwanci wanda ya bu?aci jigilar nesa, idan asarar ?arfi saboda lokaci ana la'akari, adadin ?asa mai daukar ruwa da za a maye gurbinsa ba ya wuce kashi 40%. In ba haka ba, asarar ?arfi saboda lokaci za ta yi yawa.

2. A lokacin shirye-shiryen siminti na kasuwanci tare da yashi na tailings, dole ne a kara wasu adadin ?ar?ashin ma'adinai ( kamar foda slag, ash na kwalen daraja na II da sauransu) don rage illolin sakamakon raunin yashi na tailings akan aiki mai sau?i na simintin.

3. Yawancin ?ar?ashin ?asa na yashi (tailing sand) nau'in yashi ne da injiniya ta samar, wanda galibi yake dauke da ?asa??ar?ashin duwatsu. ?ananan adadi na ?asa??ar?ashin duwatsu na iya zama abu mai ?arfi a cikin cakuda (micro-aggregate effect), wanda ke amfanar masana'antar siminti. Amma, idan adadi na ?asa??ar?ashin duwatsu ya yi yawa, bu?atar ruwa a cikin cakuda siminti na kasuwa tare da ?arfin jituwa daidai zai ?aru sosai, hakan ba kawai zai ?ara yawan siminti da aka yi amfani da shi ba, kuma ya ?ara farashi, har ma ya ?ara ?arancin siminti kuma ya lalata ingancinsa gaba?aya. A al'ada, adadin ?asa??ar?ashin duwatsu ba ya wuce 5% (idan aka cika bu?atu).

5. Samun jagororin.

Fasahohin amfani da ?azamin ma'adinai gaba?aya sune tushen kamfanoni su samar da fa'idodi na tattalin arziki da zamantakewa. Amfani da ?azamin ma'adinai gaba?aya ya kamata a yi da ha?in hanyoyin samarwa daban-daban, daga cikinsu, yin ?asa da ?arfe, ?arfe da ?asa don yin siminti, da sauransu, suna da fa'idar tattalin arziki mai yawa kuma suna iya amfani da ?azamin ma'adinai da yawa, sune hanyoyin da suka fi muhimmanci don sake amfani da ?azamin ma'adinai gaba?aya. Amfani da ?azamin ma'adinai gaba?aya na'urar injiniya ce mai zurfi da fa?i da ke ?o?arin ?ara yawan amfani da su.

Dangane da yanayin da ake ciki, albarkatun ma'adinai suna raguwa kowace rana, binciken hanyoyin amfani da albarkatun ma'adinai gaba?aya, sabon hanyar gina ma'adanai masu dorewa da kuma ma'adanai masu kare muhalli ne, domin adana albarkatu da amfani da su gaba?aya. Idan kuna son sanin yadda ake shirya ?asa da ?aramin dutse daga tarkon ma'adinai, ku tuntube mu. Injiniran 麻豆社 Group za su daidaita jagororin aikin tarkon ma'adinai na ku.

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