??????£º???? ??? ?? ??????, ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ????, ???? ??? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ???????????, ??????? ??????? ???????, ?? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ????????? ?? ??? ????? ???????? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????????????
?????, ?? ?? ??????? ??? ?? ?????????? ??? ???? ?? ???????? ???? ???? ??, ??????? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ?? ????? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ???, ????? ? ???? ??????????, ???????? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ????? ????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??, ????? ????? ???????, ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ??? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ???
???? ??????? ???????, ????? ???, ???????, ?? ??? ???????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ???????? "?????? ?? ????" ??????? ???? ??, ?? ??????? ?????? ????-????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ????????? ?? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????????? ???? ???
????? ????? ?? ??????
????? ????????? ??? ?? ????? ??? ?? ??????? ????? ??Deposits ??? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ???? ??, ???? ?? ???? ??? (????) ??? ??? ????? ???? ??? ???????? ?????? ?? ???????? ?????? ?? ???? ??, ????? ?????? ?? ?????????? ?? ??? ??? ???????? ???? ?? ???? ??:
??????? ?????
???? ?????????? ????? ????? ??????, ?? ??????? ????? ??????? ?? 80% ?? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ???
¡¾???????????? (CuFeS2)¡¿
Appearance: ????? ?????-??? ??? ?????? ?????????? ??? ??
???? ?????? ?????????: ?? ??? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ??, ????? ?????????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ???
???????? (Cu2FeS4)
Appearance: ?????-??? ??? ?????? ??????-???? ????? ??
???? ?????? ?????????: ???? ?????, ????? ?? ???????????? ?? ??? ??-???????? ??? ???? ??; ???????? ??????? ????????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????
¡¾?????????? (Cu2S)¡¿
Appearance: ???? ????-????, ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ??, ????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ???? ???
???? ?????? ?????????: ????? 79.9% ????? ??, ?? ???? ???????? ???? ???? ?? ???????????? ???? ???
???????? (CuS)
Appearance: ??????-???? ???
???? ?????? ?????????: ????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ????
??????? ?????
???????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ????????? ?? ?????? ?? ???, ?? ????????? ??? ?? ???? "??????? ?????????" ??? ??? ???? ????
¡¾??????? (Cu2CO3(OH)2)¡¿
Appearance: ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?? ????? ?? ??? ????? ???, ????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ????
???? ?????? ?????????: ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ????, ???-??? ????-???????? ??? ??????? ????????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ??, ???? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ????? ???? ???
??????? (Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2)
Appearance: ???? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ????? ??
???? ?????? ?????????: ???-??? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ???? ???? ??, ????? ?? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ???
??????????
Appearance: ??? ?? ????-???
???? ?????? ?????????: ???? ????? ??????? ???? ??????? ????? ???????
?????????? (Cu2O)
Appearance: ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ????????? ???
???? ?????? ?????????: ???? ???????? ????????? ??? ??? ???? ???, ???????? ??????? ?? ??????
?????????? (CuO)
Appearance: ????-????, ????????? ?????? ????; ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????????? ????????? ????? ????
???? ?????? ?????????: ???????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ???????? ?? ???????? ??? ?? ?????????? ?? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ??????????
??????? ????? ????? ??????
??????? ????? ?? ???????? ??? "???? ????????, ???????? ?????" ???? ???? ??? 2024 ??, ??????? ??????? ???? 22.36 ?????? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?? ???? ??? ???? 980 ?????? ?? ?? ????? ??? ????? 10 ????? ???? ??????? ????? ?? 75% ????????? ???? ???, ?????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ????? 19% ??; ????? ??? ??????? (????, ????, ??????) ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ????????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ???
??????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? (USGS 2024, ????: 10,000 ??)
| ???? | ???/ ??????? | 2023 ?????? | 2024 ??????? | ??????? ??????? |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ???? | 550.7 (23.9%) | 530 (23.0%) | 19,000 (19%) |
| 2 | ???? ????? | 284 (12.3%) | 330 (14.3%) | 3,100 (3.5%) |
| 3 | ???? | 273.6 (11.9%) | 260 (11.3%) | 7,700 (8.8%) |
| 4 | ??? | 180 (7.8%) | 180 (7.8%) | 2,600 (2.9%) |
| 5 | ?????????? | 110 (4.8%) | 110 (4.8%) | 2,400 (2.7%) |
| 6 | ??????? | 110 (4.8%) | 110 (4.8%) | 4,800 (5.5%) |
| 7 | ??? | 93 (4.0%) | 93 (4.0%) | 7,700 (8.8%) |
| 8 | ??????????? | 80 (3.5%) | 80 (3.5%) | 9,300 (10%) |
| 9 | ??????????? | 74 (3.2%) | 74 (3.2%) | 2,400 |
| 10 | ???????? | 70 (3.0%) | 70 (3.0%) | 5,300 (6.1%) |
??????? ?????? ?????? (WGC 2024, ?????: 10,000 ??)
| ???? | ???/ ??????? | 2024 ??????? | 2024 ????? |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ???? ????? | 330 | 3,100 |
| 2 | ????????? | 74 | 2,100-3,500 |
| 3 | ?????? ??????? | ≈5 | 600 |
| 4 | ???????? | ≈3 | 500 |
| 5 | ??????? | ~2 | 60-100 |
| 6 | ????????? | ≈1.5 | 30-50 |
| 7 | ?????? | 1.5 | 20-30 |
| 8 | ?????????? | ~1 | 20-30 |
????? ?? ????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ???????????
?????? ??????????? ?? ????, ???????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ???? ?? ???????? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ???????????, ?????? ???????????, ?? ????? ??????? ????????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ????????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ??????
1. ???????
??? ??? ?????????? ?? ????
Objective:
????????? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?????, ????? ?? ????? ???????? ?????
????? ??????????:
- ???????? ??????: ?????? ????????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ??????????? ????, ???????? ?? ??????? ?? ???????? ?????
- ??????? ????????? ?? ????????: ??????? ???????? ????????? ?????
- ????? ?????????/????? ????? ?????????: ????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ??? ?????????? ????????/?????? ?? ????? ?????
- Drilling: ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ?????
- ?????? ??????: ????, ???????? ?? ??????????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ??? 2D/3D ???? ??????
KeyDeliverable:
???? ??????/??????? ????????
2. ????? ?? ??????
??????? ???????? ?? ??????????? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ????
Objective:
???????, ??????, ?? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????
????? ??????????:
- ????????? ??????: ?????? ?? ?????? ??????????? ?? ????????? ?????
- ???????? ?? ?????????: ???????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?????
- ???? ?? ???????: ???????????????, ????? ?????, ??? ?? ????? (???-???/???????????) ?? ????? ?????? ????????? ??????, ??????? ?????? ??β¿ó ???????
- ???? ??????: ????? ??????, ???????? ????? ?? ???????? ?? ??? ?????
Deliverable:
????????? ?????? ???????, ???? ???????
3. ???????
????????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ????????? ????
Objective:
??? ???????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ????????? ?????
????? ??????????:
Procurement: ???????, ??? ?????, ???????? ?????, ???????, ?????????, ???, ?????, ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????
????? ?????: ????? ???? ????, ??????, ??????? ????, ?????????? ??????, ??????? ?????? ?????? (TSF) ?? ??? ????????? ?????
????? ??????? ?? ????????:
- ????????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????, ?????, ????????, ????? ???? ?? ??????????? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????
- ???????, ???????, ?? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????
- ??? ????? ???????: ????????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????
- ??? ???????: ????/???? ?? ??? ?????, ????-???? ??????? ?????? ?? ????????? ?? ???????
Deliverable:
??? ?? ??? ????? ???? ??? ????????
4. ?????? ?? ??????
?????-?????? ??????? ???
Objective:
????????, ?????, ????, ?? ???? ???? ??????
????? ??????????:
???? ??????? ?? ??????:
- ???????? ?? ???????: ????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ???????
- ?????? ?? ??????: ????? ???? ?????/?????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ???????
Production: ??? ???????, ?????, ??????, ????? ????, ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????????? (????? ?? ????, ???????? ?? ??????, ????? ?? ???, ????? ???? ?? ?????) ?? ???????? ?????
Maintenance: ?????? ????????, ?????????, ?? ????? ?? ??????????? ???????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ????
???????? ????????: ??????? ????, ?????????, ?? ??????????; ?????????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??????????? ?? ???????? ????? ??????? ???????: ?????????, ?????????, PPE, ?? ????????? ??????????? ??????? ???? ?????
5. ?????? ?? ???????????
????? ????? ???
Deliverable:
??????? ???????? ?? ??????? ?????
Objective:
????, ????????, ?? ???? ????? ?????????
????? ??????????:
- ???????? ???????: ???????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ????????? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ?????/??????/????????
- ?????? ??????: ????? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ?????????? ???????
- ??????????? ???????????: ???????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ????/???/?????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ?????
Deliverable:
?????? ????????
6. ??????? ??????? ?? ?????
?????????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????????
Objective:
???????, ?????????? ??????????, ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????
????? ??????????:
- ???? ????? ??????: ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?? ?????????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? (??????) ??? ?? ???? ???? ???
- ?????? ???????: ???? ?? ???????, ?????, ?? ?? ???????? ?? ?????? ??????? ????; ??? ??, ??????? ?? ????? ?? ??? impermeable liners ??????? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ???????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????
- ??????? ?? ?????? ?????: ????? ?????? ?? ?????????????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ???, ?? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ?? ??? ???, ??????? ???? ????????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ????, ???????, ????? ??????? ?? ???????????? ?? ??, ?????????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ???, ?? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ????
- ???????????? ????????: ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ??, TSF ?? ??????? ???????????? ?? ???? ????? ????????????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??????????? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ?????
??????? ????? ?? ??????? ???????????
90% ?? ???? ???????? ????? ?? ??? ?? ????? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ???, ??????? ???? ??????, ?? ???? ?? ??????????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ??? ???
??????? ????? ???????? (???? ???????)
Applicability:
??????? ??????? (????????????, ????????, ??????????) ?? ??? ?????? ????, ?? ??????? ??????? ?? >80% ??? ???? ???
Principle:
???? ???? ????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ???? ??? ?????????? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ???????????? ????? ?? ????
????????? ??????:
- 1. ????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?????/??????
- 2. ?????: ????????? ???? ????????
- 3. ??? ????: ????????? ????? ?? ??????? ????
- 4. ????????????: ???? ??? ??? Cu ?? ???? ??????? ????
- 5. ?? ??????: ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ???????
??????? ????? ???? ?????? (????????????????)
Applicability:??????? ????? (???????, ??????????), ?????-????? ?? ????-??????? ??????
Principle:?????? ?? ???????? ?????? (????, ???? H2SO4) ?? ????? ???? ?????, ??? ???/???? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ???????????? ?????
Advantages:?? ????? ?????, ???? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ??? Nachteile: ???? ????, ?????-????????
????????? ??????:
- 1. ??? ??????: stacked ore ?? ?????? ????
- 2. ??? ??????: ?????? ??? ????? ?? ??????
- 3. ?????? ?????????: SX-EW ????????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???? ?? ???
?????? ????????
Applicability: ????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ???ue ?? ????? ??? ?????????? ???? ???? ????
Principle: ?????????????/???????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ???
Advantages: ????????-????? ??????: ????? ?????????, ?? ?????
????????? ??????:
- 1. ?????: ?????, ????? ???, ??????
- 2.Feed preparation: crush → screen → gravity circuit.
- 3.????? ?? ????????? ??? ??????: ???? ??????
?????-??????????? ????? ???????????
??? ?????? ?????????? ????????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ???????? ??? ????????? ???? ??:
?????? ??????:
????? ????? ????? ????????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ????
????? ?????:
????? ?? ???????? Au, Ag, Mo ??? ?? ?????? ?????
????? ????????:
????????? ?? ?????????? ?? ?? ????? ?? ???-?????????? ?? ??????
??? ???????:
????????????? ???? ?? ???????? ????, ???? ?? ?? ????, ??????? ????????? ?????
????????? ???
???? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ???????? ????????
(³¢±ð²¹³¦³ó¾±²Ô²µ&³¾»å²¹²õ³ó;·¡³æ³Ù°ù²¹³¦³Ù¾±´Ç²Ô&³¾»å²¹²õ³ó;·¡±ô±ð³¦³Ù°ù´Ç±ô²â²õ¾±²õ£©
????? ???:
- ?? ????? ????
- ?????? ?? ???? ?????????????? ?? ?? ???
- ??????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ???
- ??? ??????? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ????
- ???? ???????????????? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ?? ???? ?? ???
???????
?????? ??????? ????