??????：??????????? ?????????? ??????????, ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ????, ??????????? ?????????? ????????? ??????????? ??????? ???????????, ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ???????????? ???????? ????????? ????? ??????????? ?????? ????????????.
?????, ?? ?????????????? ?????????? ?????? ???? ??? ???????? ????????, ??????? ????????? ????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ???? ???. ?????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?????????????, ????? ???? ???????????, ??????? ?????? ??? ???????????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ???????, ???????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?????????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???????? ????? ????.
?????? ????????? ??????, ?????? ???????, ??????? ??? ?????????????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ????????? "??????? ????" ?????? ????? ????, ?????? ?????? ??-?????????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???????? ????????? ???????? ????????.
????? ????????? ??????? ??????
????? ?????????????? ??????? ????? ??????????? ??????? ???? ???????????? ?????????? ????, ?????????? ?????? (???????????) ???????? ?????. ???????? ?????? ??? ???????? ?????????? основании??, ?????????????? ???????? ???????????? ???????? ???? ??? ????:
??????? ????
?????? ???????? ????????? ???? ??????, ?? ?????? ??????????? ?????????? ??% ??? ???? ?????? ???.
????????????? (CuFeS2)
??????: ??? ?????-??? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ???.
????????????? ??????????:??? ???????? ????????? ????????? ????? ???????, ?????? ??????????? ???????.
???????? (Cu2FeS4)
??????: ????????-??? ??????????? ????????-?????? ?????? ??????
????????????? ??????????:???? ????, ????????? ??????????????? ??-?????????? ????; ?????? ??????????? ?????????????? ????? ????? ????.
【?????????? (Cu2S)】
??????: ??? ????-???, ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ??????, ???? ???????? ????? ?????? ????????? ???????.
????????????? ??????????:79.9% ????? ??????, ????-???????????? ??????? ???????????? ????.
?????????? (CuS)
??????: ?????-???? ???
????????????? ??????????:????????? ??? ????? ??????????? ?????
??????? ??????
???????? ??????????? ?????????? ??????? ??? ??????????????? ???? ??????, ????????? ??????? "??????? ?????" ????? ??????.
??????? (Cu2CO3(OH)2)
??????: ?????? ???? ?????, ???????? ???????????? ???????? ??????????, ????? ????? ????????? ??????.
????????????? ??????????:?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ????, ??? ??? ?????????? ????????????. ??????? ??????????????? ???? ????, ??????????????? ??????????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ????.
??????? (Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2)
??????: ??? ???? ??????, ????????? ??????
????????????? ??????????:??? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ????????? ???? ????, ????????? ?????????? ?????.
???????????
??????: ??????? ?? ??????-???????
????????????? ??????????:???? ???????????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????
【???????? (Cu2O) 】
??????: ??? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ????? ???????? ??????
????????????? ??????????:???? ????????? ???????? ???? ????, ???????? ????????? ???????.
???????? (CuO)
??????: ????-????, ????????? ??????; ???? ???????? ???? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ???? ?????.
????????????? ??????????:??????????? ??????????? ?????? ???????. ?????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ?????????????? ?????????????????? ?????????.
?????? ???? ???????? ?????
?????? ??????????? ?????????? "???? ????????, ???????? ?????" ????????. 2024 ??????, ??????? ??????? ~22.36 ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ~980 ?????? ?????? ???? ???. ??? 10 ???? ???? ?????? ?????????? 75% ??????? ??????, ????? ???????? ??????? ????? 19% ???; ??? ??? ??????? (????, ????, ??????) ?????? ?????????? ???????????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????. ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ???? ??? ???????? ???????? ?????? ????? ???.
?????? ????? ??????? ??? ???? (USGS 2024, ???: ??,??? ??)
| ??????? | ???/ ??????? | 2023 ??????? | 2024 ??????? | ???? |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ???? | 550.7 (23.9%) | 530 (23.0%) | 19,000 (19%) |
| 2 | ???? ????? | 284 (12.3%) | 330 (14.3%) | 3,100 (3.5%) |
| 3 | ???? | 273.6 (11.9%) | 260 (11.3%) | 7,700 (8.8%) |
| 4 | ??? | 180 (7.8%) | 180 (7.8%) | 2,600 (2.9%) |
| 5 | ?????????? | 110 (4.8%) | 110 (4.8%) | 2,400 (2.7%) |
| 6 | ????? | 110 (4.8%) | 110 (4.8%) | 4,800 (5.5%) |
| 7 | ?ussia | 93 (4.0%) | 93 (4.0%) | 7,700 (8.8%) |
| 8 | ??????????? | 80 (3.5%) | 80 (3.5%) | 9,300 (10%) |
| 9 | ????????? | 74 (3.2%) | 74 (3.2%) | 2,400 |
| 10 | ???????? | 70 (3.0%) | 70 (3.0%) | 5,300 (6.1%) |
??????? ???? ????????? (WGC 2024, ????: 10,000 ??)
| ??????? | ???/ ??????? | 2024 ??????? | 2024 ????? ???? |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ???? ????? | 330 | 3,100 |
| 2 | ??????? | 74 | 2,100-3,500 |
| 3 | ?????? ??????? | ≈5 | 600 |
| 4 | ???????? | ≈3 | 500 |
| 5 | ???????? | ~2 | 60-100 |
| 6 | ????????? | ≈?.? | 30-50 |
| 7 | ??????? | 1.5 | 20-30 |
| 8 | ?????????? | ~1 | 20-30 |
????? ??? ????????????? ??????? ??????? ???????????
?????????? ?????? ?? ????, ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???????????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????????? ???????? ???????? ????. ??????????????? ?????????, ?????? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ??? ESG ???????????? ???? ????????? ????????? ???? ???? ?????? ???.
1. ???????
???? ???? ??????????? ????
????????:
???? ??????? ?????, ????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ????????? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ???.
????? ??????????:
- ???????? ??????:??????? ????, ????? ??? ??????? ????????? ???? ????????? ????.
- ??????? ?????????? ????? ?????:??????? ???????? ????????? ???.
- ?????????/?? ???????? ?????????:?????? ????????/???????? ????? ???? ??? ???????? ??????? ??? ????.
- ????????:????? ??? ?????? ?????????? ????? ????? ?????.
- ??????? ?????????:????, ????? ??? ??????????? ????? ?????????? 2D/3D ????? ???? ???.
??Deliverable:
???? ??????/????? ?????.
?. ?????? ??? ??????
?????????? ?????? ????? ???????? ??????????????? ????????? ????
????????:
????, ?????? ??? ???????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???.
????? ??????????:
- ??????? ??????:?????? ??? ???????? ??????????? ????????? ???.
- ?????? ??? ???????????:?????????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????.
- ???? ??????:????? ??????? ??????, ?????? ?????, ??? ?????????? ?????? (???? ???/??? ???). ????????? ??????, ?????????? ?????? ??? ?????????? ??????.
- ???? ?????:????? ?????, ?????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ????? ??? ???.
???????:
??????????? ?????, ??? ??????
3. ???????
???????? ????? ??????? ??????????? ????????? ????
????????:
??? ???? ?????????? ???? ?????????? ?????????? ?????? ???.
????? ??????????:
?????:???????, ??? ?????, ???????? ?????, ???????, ????????, ?????, ?????, ??????? ?????????? ?????? ?????.
??????? ??????:???? ?????????, ?????, ???????????? ????,结构??? ??????, ???????? ????? ????????? ?????????? ??? (??????).
????? ??????? ??? ?????? ????:
- ???????, ??????????, ????? ??????, ??? ???????? ??? ????????? ????? ????????? ???????????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???.
- ???????, ??????????? ??? ???????? ??????? ????? ???.
- ??? ????? ?????: ???????? ????? ???????? ?????? ???.
- ??? ?????: ????/???????? ?????, ?????? ?????? ???????????? ??? ??????????????? ?????.
???????:
????? ?????? ?????? ?????.
?. ????????? ??? ??????
??? ?????? ??????? ?????
????????:
????????, ?????, ?????????, ??? ??????? ??????
????? ??????????:
???? ??? ??? ??????:
- ???????? ??? ??????????:?????????? ?????????? ???.
- ?????? ??? ??????:???? ????????? ????? ??? ??????????/??????????.
???????:??????, ?????, ????? ????, ??? ????, ????????? ????????????? ???. ???????????? ???????????? ???????? ???? (????????? ????, ???????? ??????, ????? ???, ??? ???????? ????).
??????:?????? ??????, ?????????? ??? ??????? ?????, ???????? ??? ??????????.
???????? ????????:??????? ???, ?????????, ??? ??????????; ???????????? ???? ?????????? ????????? ???????? ???. ??????? ??????????: ?????????, ?????????, PPE, ??? ????????? ???????? ??????? ??????????? ???.
5. ?????? ? ???????????
????? ??????????? ???
???????:
?????????? ?????? ?????.
????????:
???, ????????, ??? ??????? ????? ????????.
????? ??????????:
- ???????? ?????????:??????? ?????/?????/??????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????????.
- ?????? ????:??????? ??????????? ????? ?????????? ????.
- ?????????? ??????:???????? ???????????? ???????????? ???????? ????/???/????????????? ??? ???.
???????:
?????????? ?????????
6. ???????? ?????????? ??? ESG
?????????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????????
????????:
???????, ?????????? ???????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???.
????? ??????????:
- ???????? ?????????: ??????????????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????????????? ????? ??? ???????????? ???????? ??????? ???????? (TSF) ????? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ?????.
- TSF ??????????:?????? ???????, ???, ??? ???????? ???????? ??? ???????? ???; ???? ????, ??????? ??????????? ???-????????? ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????????? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ???.
- ?????????? ??????? ?????:???? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????????????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??? ???????????? ??????????, ????? ??????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????, ??? ???????? ??????????? ?????????? ??????????? ????, ???????? ????????? ???? ??? ????, ?????????? ?????? ??? ????, ??? ???????????? ???????? ???????? ??? ??????.
- ???????????? ????????:?????? ?????? ???????????, ??????? ???????????? ??? ??????? ??????????????????? TSF ??? ??? ??? ?????????? ???????????? ???.
??????? ????? ??????? ?????????
???????? ????????? ???????? 90% ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ????????? ?????? ?????, ?? ???? ??????, ?????? ????, ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????.
??????? ???? ???????? (???????? ???????)
????????:
??????? ????????? (?????????????, ????????, ??????????) ?????? ?????, ????? ?????? ?????????? >80% ?????? ???.
????????:
??? ??????? ???????????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??????????? ???????????????? ????? ???? ?????????? ????????????? ??????????? ??????? ????? ????.
????????? ??????:
- ??????? ?????/?????? ??????? ??????????? ?????
- 2. ?????: ????????? Cu ????????
- ?. ????????: ???????? ????? ??????
- 4. ?????????????: ?????? ????? ?????
- 5. ???????? ????? ?????: ??????????? ???? ?????? ????????
??????? ????? ??????????? (????????????????)
????????:??????? ??? (????????, ????????), ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???.
????????:????? ???????? ????????????? ???? ???? ??????? (???., ?????? H2SO4), ???? ????????????? ??????/???? ??? ???? ???????????? ???.
?????:??? ??????? ?????? ??????, ???? ??????? ?????: ???? ????, ????-???????
????????? ??????:
- 1. ????? ?????: ???????? ???? ?????????? ???????? ???
- 2.????? ??????: ???????????? ???????? ?????
- ?.???? ?????: SX-EW ????????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????????
????????????? ????? ????
????????:??????? ????????? ?????? ???????????? ???? ????????? ??????? ??????????? ??????????.
????????:??????????/???????????? ????????????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ????.
?????:????????-????? ?????: ???????? ????????, ??? ?????????????
????????? ??????:
- 1. ?????: ?????, ????????? ????, ???????
- ?.???? ?????: ????? → ???????? → ????????????? ??????.
- 3.??????????? ?????????? ??????: ????????.
?????-??????????? ???????? ??????????
??? ???????? ??? ????????? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ?????????? ????????? ????????? ????:
??????? ???????:
???????? Cu ????????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???
????? ??????:
??????? ???????? ??????????????, ??? ?? ?????? (Au), ????? (Ag), ????????? (Mo), ???????.
??????? ????????:
????????? ?????????? ????? ????? ????? ?????????????? ????
??? ???????:
????????????? ?????? ???????????? ???, ???? ??? ???, ??????? ????????? ???
??????? ?????
???? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ???????? ???????
(??????—????????????—??????????????)
????? ?????:
- ??? ???????? ????
- ?????? ???? ??????????????????? ??? ???.
- ???????? ??? ????????? ??????????? ????????
- ??????? ?? waste ???? ????? ??????? ???? ????.
- ??????? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ??? ???.
?????
?????? ?????