?????：?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ????????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??, ?? ?? ???? ?? ????????????, ???? ?? ?????, ???????? ???????????, ????? ????? ???? ??? ?????????? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ??.
???? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ?????????? ???????? ??, ?? ???? ??? ????????? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ???????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ???????? ???? ????? ?? ?? ???? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ??????????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ??? ???-???? ???? ?????? ?? ?? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???, ????? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ???? ????
?? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?? ?????, ???? ?? ????????????, ?????? ?????, ???????? ?????, ???? ????? ??, ??? ??????? ?????? ??????
???? ??? ?? ???????
???? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ?? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??? ?? ?? ?? ??? ????? ???:
- Hematite: ????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ?? ??? ??????? 70% ???? ???? ??.
- Magnetite: ?? ??? ??????? 72% ???? ????? ?? ??? ?? ???????? ??.
- Limonite: Contains 55-60% iron.
- Siderite: ???? 48% ???? ????? ???
???? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ??? '?? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ?? mau????? ????? ???????? ????? ??, ????? ?? ??????, ???????, ???????, ????, ??? ??? ????? ????. ?????????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ???
???? ?? ?? ????????????? ?? ??????
- ???? ?? ????? ?????: ???? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?? ????? ???
- Remove impurities: ??????, ???????, ???????, ???? ??? ??? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????
- ?? physical properties: ?????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ???????? ?? ?????
- ?????? downstream processes: ????? ???????????, ???????? ??? ????????? ??? ???? ?????
???? ?? ??????????? ????????
???? ?? ??????????? ???????? ?? ??? '?? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ??: Crushing → ?????????? → Classification → Concentration → Dewatering → Pelletizing or Sintering
1. ???? ?? ????????
???? ?? ??????????? ???? ????? ???? ???????? ??? ?????????? ??, ??? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?? ??? ?? ????-???? ???????? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ????
Primary Crushing: ???? ???? ??? ??? ????? ??? ??????????? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ???????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ????????? ???? ?? ?? throughput ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? 150 ???? ??? ????? ????? ??, ??? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ???????? ?????? ????? ???
Secondary Crushing: ??? ??? ????? ???? 20-50 ???? ??? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ?????????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ??, ?????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ??????????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ???
2. ??????????
????? ??? ?? ???, ????? ???? ????? (????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ??? ?????) ???? ???? ?? ???? ?? ???? ???? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ??, ?? ??? '?? 80% ?????? 200 ???? (???? 75 ????????) ??? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ????? ???
???? ???? ?? ????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??, ?? ?? ???? ??????????? ??? ???? ????????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ????????? ???
3. ????????? ??? ???????
???? ??? ???? ??? ?? ???, ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ???? '?? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?? ????????? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ??.
- Screening: ??????? ?????? ??? ??????????? ??????, ???? ?? ???? ????? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??? ??? ?? ???? ???? '?? ??????? ??, ???????? ?? ????? ?? ???????? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ??.
- Classification: ????????????? ??? ?????? ?????????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ???-??? ???? ?? ????? ??? ??? ???????????? ??????????? ??? ???? ????? ???
????? ???????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?? ????????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ????? ????
???? ???? ?? концентра???
????????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ???? ????? ???
- ???????? ?????: ???? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??? ????? ???
- ????? ?? ?????: ?????? ??? ????? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ???????? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ???
- Flotation: ???????? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ???????????? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ???????????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?? ?? ???????? ?????
?????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?? ?? ????, ??????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ???? '?? ????? ???? ???
5. ?????????
?????? ??? ????, ????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?? ????????? ???? ?? ????????? ????? ????? ????? ??, ??? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ?? ????, ?????? ??? ??? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ????
- Thickening: ??????? ????? ???? ?? ?? ???? ??? ???? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ??, ???? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ???
- Filtration: ???? ?? ???? ???? ???? ????? ??? ???????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ?? ???? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???? ???? 10% ?? ???
????? ??? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ????? ??? ??? ? ??? ?? ????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?? ????? ???
6. ?????????? ?? ???????
???? ????? ????? ??? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ???? ???
- Pelletizing: ????? ????? ??? ???????? ?? ???????? ???? ???????? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ????? ????? ??? ```
- Sintering: ???? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??? ?? ????? ???? ??? ???, ?? ?? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????????? ???????? ????? ???
?? ??????????? ???? ????????? ?? ???????? ??? ????? ????????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ????????? ???
?? ???? ?? ???? ????? ????? ???? ??????
1. ???????????? ???????
???????????? ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ?? ??? ?? ????? ???? ?? ????
Principle: ???? ???? ?? ???? (?????????, ????????) ???? ?? ???? ??? ???? ????? ????????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ?? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ???
?????:
- Jigs: ???? ???? ???? ??? ??? ????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? Shaking Tables: ??? ??? ?? ???? '?? ???? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?? ????? ????
- Spiral Concentrators: ???? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ????
- Applications: ???? ???? ????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ?? ?????????? ?? ??? ???? ????????? ??? ????? ??, ????? ?? ????????? ??? ???????? ??? ?? ????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?? ????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ????? ????? ??, ????? ??? ???????? ????????? ??? ???????
2. ????? ?? ?????
?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ???????? ??? '?? ????? ????? ?? ???, ??? ????? ????, ???????? ??? ?? ?????? ???
Principle: ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??, ?????? ??? ???-?????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ???
?????? ?????????? ?? ??????:
- ????-???? ?????? ???????? (LIMS): ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ???-???? ?????? ???????? (HIMS): ???????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ???
- ????? ??? ????? ??????? ???????: ??? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ???? ??? ???????? ???? ??, ?????? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ??; ????? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ???
- Applications: ????????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ???? ????????? ????? ??? '?? ???????? ??????? ??? ???-??? ??? ?? ???? ?? ?????????? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ???? ?? ????? ????? ???
3. ??? ?? ???? ?? ?????????
????????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ?? ????????? '?? ????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ???? ??????
Principle: ????? ??? ????, ????????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ?????????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ????? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ????? ??, ???? ?????????? ????? ???? ????? ???
?????:
- ???????? ???????? ?????: ???????-?? ???? ?? ???????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ?????
- ???? ???????? ?????: ???? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? ???-??????? ??? ??????? ????? ???
- Applications: Flotation ??? ??? '?? ???????? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ??, ??? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ??, ???? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ???
4. ???? ??? ??????
???? ?? ?????? ?? ??????????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ???
Crushing ?????:
- ???? ??????: ???? ??? ?? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ???????? ???????
- ????? ????? ????: ??? ?? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ??????
- ??????? ?????s: ???????? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ???
?????????? ?????:
- ???? ???s: ??????? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??? ???????? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ???
- ??? ???s: ???????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ???? ??, ?? ??? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?????????? ?? ?????????
- ????? ???? ?????: ??? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?????-????? ???????
Key Considerations:
- ???? ?? ??? ??? ?? ????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ????
- ???? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ??????
Environmental Considerations
???? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ????????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ????:
- Tailings Management: ????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ????????
- Water Usage: ??????? ???? ?? ?? ???????? ??? ?????
- Dust Control: ??? ?? ??????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ?? ??? ???
- Energy Efficiency: ????? ??? ?????????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ?????
????? ??????? ??? ?????
- ???????? ??? ???????: ?????????? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ?????, ?.??., ??? ????? ?????? ?? ????????
- ???? ????????????: ????? ????? ??? ?????????????? ????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ?? ????? ???????
- ???? ?????????????: ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????????? ?? ???????? ?? ??????
- ????-??????? ??????????: ??? ???? ?????????? ????? (HPGR) ??? ????? ???????
Iron ore beneficiation is a complex, multi-stage process involving crushing, grinding, classification, concentration, dewatering, and agglomeration. Each stage requires specialized equipment and techniques tailored to the ore’s mineralogy and physical characteristics. Advances in beneficiation technology continue to improve recovery rates, product quality, and environmental sustainability, ensuring the efficient use of iron ore resources to meet global steel demand.
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