???????：???? ?????? ???????????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????????? ????? ?????? ????? ????????? ??????????? ???????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?????????? ??.

???? ?????? ???? ??????????? ????? ???????? ?? ???, ???????????, ???? ?? ??????? ????????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ??. ????? ??????, ????? ?????? `

Raw Materials Used in Aggregates

???? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ?????????? ???????

???????

??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???? ????, ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ??. ??? ??????? ???????? ????????? ??? ???????, ??????? ???? ????? ???????? ??? ??? ???, ???????????? ????????? 100 ??? 300 ??????????? (MPa) ????? ??. ??? ?????-??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???????, ?????? ???????????? ???????????? ?? ??????????? ??? ??????? ??, ?? ??? ??? ????????? ?????? ????? ????? ??. ????????, ???????, ??????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ????, ??? ??????????? ???????????? ?????? ??? ??? ??????, ????? ?????? ?? ????????? ?????????? ????. ???????, ???????-????? ?????, ????-???????? ???????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ????????? ?????? ??, ????????? ?????? ????? ????????, ???? ?????????, ?? ??-????? ?????. ?????, ???????, ??????? ?? ???? ????? ???????? ????????????? ??? ?????? ???? ??????, ?????? ?? ????????????? ?????????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ????.

basalt

????? ????

????? ???? ???????????, ??????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????????, ??? ?????????? ?????? ??? ????????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ????????? ???? ???????????? ?????? ??. ???????????, ???????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ???, ??? ??????? ?????????? ?????? 30 ??? 140 MPa ????? ??. ?? ????, ?????, ?? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????????? ??? ?? ?????? ????????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ??. ????? ???, ??????????? ???? ???? ???????? ?????? ?? ???? ???, ?? ?????? ?????? ???? (????????? ???, ??????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ??????????) ??? ??? ???? ????????? ??? ??. ??????, ?? ?????? ??????????, ????????????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ??, ??? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ????????. ???? ?????????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????, ????????? ???, ?????? ?????? (impact crushers) ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???? ???????? ????? ??? ??????????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???? ????.

Limestone

??????????

?????????? , ????????? ????????? ??????? ?? ????????? ???????? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ?????????. ??????? ?????? ?????, ??????????? ?? ?????? ????? ????????, ?????????? ????????? ????????? ?? ????????? ??. ??? ???? ?????? 200 MPa ? ???? ??? ???? ??? ?? ???? ????? ??? ?????????? ??. ?????????? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ???, ?? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ??. ??? ???????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ????? ????? ???????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??. ???????????? ???? ??????, ?????????? ????????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ????, ????? ????? ???? ???????? ?? ??????? ?????? ????, ??????? ???????? ??????????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?? ??.

Granite

?????????

?????????????, ??? ????? ?? ???????? ???? ???????????? ?????????????????????? ?????? ?????????? ??? ??????? ?? ???, ??? ???? ?????? ?? ?????????? ???? ??? ????? ??. ???????????? 300 MPa ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????, ????????????? ???? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ??? ????????? ??? ???? ????? ????. ??? ??, ?????? ??????? ???? ?? ??????????? ??????? ???????, ?? ????????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????????? ??. ????????????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????????? ???? ?????? ???, ?? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ????????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??. `

Quartzite
???????:?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????

??????????

??????, ??????? ?? ??????????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ???????? ?????? ????????? ??????????? ??? ???? ??. ???????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ???????? ????? ?? ???????? ?? ??. ???????? ??????, ???????? ????? ??? 20 ??? 250 MPa ????? ??? ?????. ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?? ??????? ???????? ????? ??????? ??, ?????? ??? ???????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ????. ? notwithstanding, ?????? ????????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ???? ?????, ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???????? ??? ?????????? ??????? ????? ???, ???????? ?????? ?? ?????. ????, ???????? ???????? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ???? ?????????? ???? ????? ?????.

Sandstone

???????? ?????? ????

???????? ??????? ????, ??? ?????????? ?? ???????????, ???????? ???? ?????????????? ??? ???? ?????? ????????????? ???? ??. ??????? ?? ????????????? ???, ???????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ????????? ???????? ???? ??????????????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????. ?? ??? ???????????? ?????? ???????? ??? ???, ???? ?? ??? ?? ???????? ??? ????????????? ?? ???????? ????? ???????????? ???? ?? ?????. ???????? ??????? ???? ???????? ???? ???? ??? ????, ??? ??? ??????? ?????????? ?????????? ????? ???? ???????? ????? ????? ??? ?????, ?????? ?? ??????????????? ???? ?????? ?????, ??

slag

???????? ?????????? ??????????

???? ?????? ?? ??????????? ???? (RCA) ??? ??? ??????????? ??????? ??? ???????? ?? ????????? ??? ????? ???????. ???????? ???? ?????????????? ???, RCA ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ??? ????. RCA ???????????? ????? ??????????? ?????????? ??, ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???????? ????? ???, ?? ????? ????????? ????? ??????, ??????????? ????? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??????????? ?????????? ???????? ???? ?????????????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????. RCA ?????? ????? ????? ????????? ???????? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ???????, ???????? ????? ??? ??????.

Recycled Concrete Aggregate

??? ?????????? ???? ??????????? ?????? ????? ??????

????? ??????? ???? ????????????: ????? ????????????? ???? ???????? ???? ?????? ??? ????????? ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ??:

?????→?????? ?? ????????→?????→??????? ?????→????????? ?????:

???????? ????? ?????????? ???????????? ?? ????????? ????????? ???? ?? ???????? ????? ???????? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????. ??? ???????? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????????? ???????? ??:

aggregates production processes

???????? ?????

???? ????????? ?????? ????? ???? ???????? ??? ???????. ??? ?????? ??? ???????? ?????? ??? ?????:

  • ??????????? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????????? ???????? ???? ???? ????. ?? ??????? ?????? ??_overburden_ ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ????.
  • ????? ?????: ???? ??? ????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ??? ????? ????, ??? ?? ??????? ?? ???????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ????.

2. ??? ????? ?? ??????? ?????

???? ??? ?? ???????????, ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ????:

  • ?????: ????? ??? ????? ??? ?????????? ???? ???? ??? ???, ??? ???? ???????? ???? ???. ????????? ?? ?????? ????? ????????? ?? ??????, ??? ??? ???????, ??? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ????. `
  • ?????????: ???????? ???, ???????? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ????. ??? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ????.

3. ???? ?????

????????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ???? ????? ??? ?????????? ???? ????, ????? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ???????. ??? ??????????? ???? ???????? ???????? ???? ???? ?????? ????, ?? ??????????? ?????? ???? ???????? ??? ??? ??? ???????????? ????? ????.

4. ???? ?????

???? ??? ???, ???? ?????? ???????????? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ????. ???? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? `

5. ???????? ?????

??? ??? ???????????? ???????? ????? ??? ?????? ??????. ????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ???????? ???????? ?? ????????? ????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ????? ?????. ???????? ??????? ?????:

  • ??????? ?????????: ??? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ????.
  • ??????? ?? ?? ???????: ??? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ????.
  • ???? ???????? ????? ????????: ??? ????? ?????? ?? ?????????? ??????? ????.
  • ???? ????????: ??? ????? ???????? ?????????? ?? ???-??????? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ????.

??????? ???????? ????????? ???? ?????? ??? ??????????? ????? ?? ???, ? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ?????????? ???????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ??????. ??????, ??????, ?? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ??, ???????????? ????? ???????? ?? ???????????????? ?? ???????? ?????, ??????????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ??? ????, ??? ?????? ????? ????????? ??????????? ??????? ????????, ??? ?????? ???????, ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????????? ?. ???, ??? ??????????? ??????? ???????? ??? ????????? ?????? ???????????, ???? ?????, ??????? ?????, ?????, ?? `