???????:??????????? ????????? ????? ?????????, ?????? ???????? ????????? ????? ???????? ????, ????? ?? ???????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????????, ?????? ???????? ??????????? ????? ????? ?????????? ??????????? ??????? ????????? ??????????? ???? ????? ????? ???????? ????????????? ????????? ????? ??????????????? ????????.

??????, ?? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ???? ????? ???????? ??????????, ?????????? ????? ???? ??????????????? ?????????? ???? ????????????. ?????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??????????, ?????? ???????? ????????, ???????? ?? infrastructures ????? ??????? ??????? ???????, ????? ????????, ???????? ????? ????? ??????? ????????? ???? ?? ?????????? ???? ?? ???? ??????????????.

???? ?????????? ??????, ?????????? ????????, ????????, ????? ???? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ??????? ??????????? ??????? "????? ????" ?? ????????????, ??? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???? ?????? ????????? ????? ?????????????? ??????? ???????????????.

copper ore

????? ?????? ????? ???????

????? ?????? ???????? ????? ????? ???????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????, ??????? ???????? (?????) ?????? ????????????. ????? ?????? ????? ?? ???????? ???????, ????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ????????????:

??????? ???????

??????? ???????? ????? ?????????? 80% ?? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????? ????? ???.

???????????? (CuFeS2)

??????: ????? ??????? ???? ????????? ????????? ??????.

???? ??????? ??????? ????????:??? ????? ??????????? ????????? ????????? ??????, ???????? ?????????????? ?????? ????? ??????.

???????? (Cu2FeS4)

??????: ???????????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ????

???? ??????? ??????? ????????:????? ???????, ???????????? ??????????????? ?????? ???????; ??????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ?????.

【?????????? (Cu2S)】

??????: ????? ?????-????, ???????? ???????? ??????? ???????, ?????? ????? ???? ????? ???????????? ?????????????.

???? ??????? ??????? ????????:79.9% ????? ????, ??? ????-?????? ?????? ?????????.

???????? (CuS)

??????: ??????-???? ????

???? ??????? ??????? ????????:????????? ??? ????? ???????? ????????? ??????????????.

Types of Copper Ore-Sulfide Ores

??????? ???????????

???????? ????????? ???? ?????????? ????????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????????, ????????? ??????????? ????? "??????? ????????" ??????????.

【??????? (Cu2CO3(OH)2)】

??????: ????? ????????-??????, ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????, ????? ???? ???? ?????? ???????????.

???? ??????? ??????? ????????:???? ????????? ????? ??????? ????, ???????????? ????-????????. ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????????, ????? ???????????? ????? ??????? ????????????.

【??????? (Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2)】

??????: ????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ?????????

???? ??????? ??????? ????????:???????????? ???? ????????? ????????? ????????, ????????? ??????????? ???????????.

????????????

??????: ????? ????? ????-?????

???? ??????? ??????? ????????:???? ???? ????? ???????? ????????? ????? ???????? ???????????

???????? (Cu2O)

??????: ????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ???????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????????? ??????.

???? ??????? ??????? ????????:?????? ??? ????????? ????????, ?????? ?????????? ????? ???????? ??????? ????????.

???????? (CuO)

??????: ????-??????, ????????? ????? ????; ?????? ?????? ????? ????????? ????????????????????? ????????????.

???? ??????? ??????? ????????:???????????? ??????? ????????? ???????. ??????? ??????????????????? ????????? ???????????? ???????.

Types of Copper Ore-Oxide Ores

??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????

?????????? ?????? ?????? "?????? ??????????, ?????????? ??????"?? ??????????????. 2024 ??????, ??????? ???????? ~22.36 ??????? ???????? ????????? ????? ~980 ??????? ?????? ?????????? ???????. ???? 10 ??????? ??????? ?????? ????????? 75%?? ??????????????????, ???? ?????? 19%?? ????? ????; ???? ???? ?????????????? (????, ????, ????????) ?????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ????. ?????? ????? ????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????? ????????? ?????????? ??????????.

??????? ????? ???????? & ??????? (USGS 2024, ??????: 10,000 ???)

?????? ????/??????? 2023 ???????? 2024 ?????????? ??????? ???????
1 ???? 550.7 (23.9%) 530 (23.0%) 19,000 (19%)
2 ????? ????? 284 (12.3%) 330 (14.3%) 3,100 (3.5%)
3 ???? 273.6 (11.9%) 260 (11.3%) 7,700 (8.8%)
4 ???? 180 (7.8%) 180 (7.8%) 2,600 (2.9%)
5 ?????????? 110 (4.8%) 110 (4.8%) 2,400 (2.7%)
6 ???? 110 (4.8%) 110 (4.8%) 4,800 (5.5%)
7 ????? 93 (4.0%) 93 (4.0%) 7,700 (8.8%)
8 ??????????? 80 (3.5%) 80 (3.5%) 9,300 (10%)
9 ??????????? 74 (3.2%) 74 (3.2%) 2,400
10 ???????? 70 (3.0%) 70 (3.0%) 5,300 (6.1%)

???????? ????? ?????? (??????????? 2024, ??????: 10,000 ???????)

?????? ????/??????? 2024 ?????????? 2024 ???????
1 ????? ????? 330 3,100
2 ??????? 74 2,100-3,500
3 ?????? ??????? ≈5 600
4 ?????? ≈3 500
5 ??ibia ~2 60-100
6 ?????????? ≈1.5 30-50
7 ??????? 1.5 20-30
8 ?????????? ~1 20-30

????? ???? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??????????

??????? ???????? ?? ????????, ??? ??????? ??????????, ??? ????????? ???????????? ????? ???????????????? ??????? ????? ?????????. ??? ????????? ????? ?????????? ???????????, ??? ???????? ???????????, ?????? ???????? ????? ESG ????????? ?????????? ?????????????.

1. ???????

????? ???? ??????????? ???????? ????

Exploration

???????:

????? ?????? ??????, ?????? ????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ???? ????????????.

?? ????????????:

  • ??????????? ???????:?????? ??????, ???????? ????? ???????????? ??????????? ?????????? ???????????.
  • ?????? ????????? & ??????????:??????? ????? ?????? ????????????.
  • ?????????/?????????? ???????:?????? ??????? ???????????? / GPR ????????? ???????? ???????????.
  • ???????????:??????? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???????? ???????.
  • ?????? ??? (Resource Estimation):????, ?????, ?? ?????????? ?? ?????? ????? ??? 2D/3D ?????? ?? ?????.

?? ??????????:

???? ?????/?????? ???????.


2. ???????? & ??????

??????? ???????? ???????able ???????????????? ??????????

Planning & Design

???????:

?????????, ????????? ??????????? ????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ????????????.

?? ????????????:

  • ??????? ?????????:?????? ????? ???????? ???????? ????? ??????.
  • ???????? ????? ??????:???????? ???????? ???????? ????? ??????? ???????.
  • ???? ????????:?????? ????? ???????, ???????? ?????????, ?願?????? ????????? (?????-????/?????????????) ???????? ??????. ???????? ????????, ?????? ???????? ????? ???? ????????.
  • ???? ?????????:?????? ????????, ????????? ???????????, ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????.

??????????:

????????Stud? ???????, ??????? ??????


3. ????????

??????????? ????? ????? ??????????? ???????????

Construction-Transforming

???????:

?????? ???????????? ????? ???????? ???????????? ?????????????.

?? ????????????:

?????? ??????:????????, ???? ??????, ????????? ??????, ???????????, ?????????, ??????, ????????, ???????? ????????? ????? ??????? ?????????.

?????? ???????:???? ?????????, ??????, ??????? ???????, ???????? ?????, ?????? ??????? ????? ????????? ??????? ?????? (?????????? ???????? ??????? - TSF).

??????? ???????????? & ?????????:

  • ???????? ???? ??????? ????????, ???????????, ?????, ????, ????? ????????? ????????? ?????????? ???? ?????????.
  • ???????, ????????, ????? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ??????.
  • ??? equipamento ??????: ????????? ?????? ????????????? ????????????.
  • ???? ??????: ????/?????? ??????, ???????? ????????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ???? gradually?? ???????.

??????????:

??????? ???????? ???????.


4. ???????????? & ???????

???????? ???????? ??

Operation & Maintenance

???????:

????????, ?????, ?????, ?????? ????? ??????????

?? ????????????:

??? ??????? & ??????:

    • ??????? ????? ??????:???????? ?????????? ??????.
    • ??????? ????? ????????:??????? ???????? ?????? ????????/???????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????????????.

????????:???????, ??????????, ??????????, ??????? ?????, ?????? ??????? ????????? ??????. ???? ?????????? ????????????? (????? ???????, ?????? ???????, ????????? ????, ????????).

????????:??????? ????????????, ???? ???????, ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????????.

??????????:?????? ????, ??????? ??????????, ????? ??????????; ??????????? ???????????? ??????????? ?????????. ?????? ???????: ????????????, ??????, PPE, ????? ??????? ??????????? ?????????? ???? ??????.


5. ???????? & ????????????

?????????? ??????? ????

Sales & Logistics

??????????:

???????? ?????????? ?????????.

???????:

??????, ????, ?????? ?? ???????? ????????.

?? ????????????:

  • ???????? ?????:????????????????? ???? ????????? ?????arik????????? ??????? ??????????/?????/??????.
  • ?????? ???????:??????? ??? ??????? ?????????? ?????????.
  • ?????????? ?????:?????? ??????????? ????????????? ????? ??????? ????/????/??????? ?????? ??? ??????.

??????????:

????? ????????????


6. ???????? ?????? ??????? & ???????

???????? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????????

Tailings Management & ESG

???????:

?????, ???????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????????? ?????????.

?? ????????????:

  • ???????? ????: ???????? ?????? ???????? ????? ?????? ????? ????????? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? (?????????)?? ????? ???? ????? ????????.
  • TSF ???????:????????? ???? ????? ????? ?????????, ????????? ????? ???? ???????? ???????????????; pollution ?????????????? ????? ???????? ??????????????? ????? ?????? ???? ????????? ?????????? ?????????? ???? ??????? ??????????????? ??????? ?????????.
  • ????? ???? ????? ????????:???????????? ???????????? ????????? ???? ??????? ???????? ?????????????????? ?????????? ??????????, ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??, ???? ????? ?????????? ????? ????????? ??? ????????? ???? ??????????, ??????? ????????? ???????? ?????????, ??????????? ??????? ????????? ????? ????? ????? ???????????? ??????? ?????.
  • ???????? ?????????:? ?????? ????????? ???????????, TSF ?? ?????? ?????????? ????? ???? ???? ?????????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ????????????????? ???????????? ??????.

?????? ?????????? ??????? ???????

90% ???? ?????? ??????????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ???, ?? ??????? ????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ????????????.

???? ???? ???????? (????????? ?????????)

????????????:

??????? ??????? (????????????, ????????, ??????????) ?? ?????? ??????, ?????? ???????? >80% ?? ???? ?????????.

?????????:

? Bub ?????? ???? ??????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ???????????? ?? ??????????? ?????????? ????????? ???? ?????? ????????? ???????????? ?????????.

???????? ????:

  • 1. ??????? ?????? ??????????? ??????? ??????/?????? ????????
  • 2. ????????: ??????? ?? ???????
  • 3. ??????: ?????????? ????????? ?????????????
  • 4. ????????????: ?????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????????????
  • 5. ?????? ?????????: ???? ????? ???able? ??????????????? ???????? ??????

sulfide ore flotation

??????? ??? ???? ????????? (????????????????)

????????????:??????? ??????? (???????, ???????), ??????? ???? ???? ???????? ???? ???????.

?????????:????? ????????? (????????, ????? ?????- H2SO4) ????????? ?????????? ???? ????????, ?????? ????/???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???????.

??????????:?????? ??????? ??????? ???????????, ???? ??????????? ??????????????. Nachteile: ?????? ???????, ?????-????????????.

???????? ????:

  • 1.???? ???????: ????? ? litro ????? ??????? ?????
  • 2.???? ???????: ?????????? ????? ?????
  • 3. ????????? ????????: ???????? ????? ???????? ???? SX-EW ????????
Oxide Ore Acid Leaching(Hydrometallurgy)

???????? ???????

????????????:????????? ??????? ????? ???????????? ??????? ????????? ????? ??????? ????????? ????.

?????????:??????????/?????????????? ??? ???? ???????? ??????? ?????????????.

??????????:??????? ??????? ???????????: ?????? ??????, ?????? ?????????????

???????? ????:

  • 1.???????: ??????, ???????? ?????? ?????? ????????, ??????
  • 2.????? ?????: ?????? → ???????? → ??????? ?????.
  • 3. ????? ???????? ?????: ???????.

Gravity Separation

????????????? ????? ??????

???? ????? ???? ???????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ????? ????? ?????? ???????????? ???????????:

???????? ?????:

??????????? ????????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????.

copper ore Value Realization

?????? ?????:

???? ????????? ????????, Au, Ag, Mo ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????.

Copper Ore Value Realization

???????? ????????:

???????????? ??????????????? ???? ??????????? ????????? ????????????.

Copper Ore Value Realization

???? ?????:

?????????? ??????? ??y?????, ???????? ????????, ????????? ???????????

Copper Ore Value Realization

?????????? ??????

Copper Ore Processing Plant

??????????? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ??????????

(???????? ?????????—??????????—???????????????)

?????? ??????:

  • ?????? ????????? ?????
  • ??????? ????? ???????????????? ???? ??????.
  • ????????? ??-?????? ????? ????????? ????
  • ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ????.
  • ?????????????????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ??????.