?????:????? ????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ?? ????????????? ???????? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ?? ???????????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????????????? ????? ???????? ?????.

??????? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????????? ???????? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ??????. ???????? ??????? ?? ???????? ????????????? ?????? ??????? ????????????????? ??????? ?? ????????????? ????? ???????? ??? ???? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ??????????? ?? ???????? ???????????? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????.

??????? ?????? ??? ???????? ?????????? ?????????????? ?????????????? ????????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???????????? ???????? ?????? ???????? "????? ?????" ?? ?????? ???????????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????????? ????? ??????????? ????????? ???????????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ???????????.

copper ore

???? ????? ?????? ????

?? ???????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ??????????? ????????? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ???????????. ???????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ??? ??? ??? ??????????? ????????????? ??????:

?????? ?????????

??? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ???????????????? 80% ??? ??????? ????????.

【?????????? (CuFeS2)】

???????: ??????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?????????? ??????.

Mineralogical characteristics: ??????????? ??????????:????? ????? ??????????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ????? ?????????.

【?????? (Cu2FeS4)】

???????: ????? ????? ????? ?????-???? ??????? ?????

Mineralogical characteristics: ??????????? ??????????:?????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ???????? ???????; ???????? ????? ????????? ???????????? ????? ????????? ????? ????? ????????.

【???????? (Cu2S)】

???????: ???? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ????????.

Mineralogical characteristics: ??????????? ??????????:79.9% ????? ????? ???????????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??????.

【??????? (CuS)】

???????: ?????? ?????? ????

Mineralogical characteristics: ??????????? ??????????:??????? ????? ????? ???????? ??????????? ????? ???????????? ??????? ??????.

Types of Copper Ore-Sulfide Ores

Oxid ?????????

??????? ???????????? ????? ????????? ???????? ????????????????? ?????????? ???????????? ??????? ??? ????????? ??????? ???????? ?? ????????

【?????? (Cu2CO3(OH)2)】

???????: ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ????????? ???????????? ??????? ???????????? ???????????? ?????? ???????? ??????????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????.

Mineralogical characteristics: ??????????? ??????????:??? ??? ??????????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????????? ?????? ?????? ??????. ?????????? ?????????? ???????? ???????????? ??? ????????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????.

【??????? (Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2)】

???????: ??? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????.

Mineralogical characteristics: ??????????? ??????????:???? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?????????? ???итид? ???????????? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????????

【??????????】

???????: ???????? ??? ???????

Mineralogical characteristics: ??????????? ??????????:????? ??????????? ????? ????? ?????.

【?????? (Cu2O) 】

???????: ???????? ???? ???????? ??????? ???? ??????????? ????? ?????

Mineralogical characteristics: ??????????? ??????????:???????? ????????? ?????????? ??????????? ???????? ???????? ????????

【??????? (CuO) 】

???????: ?????-????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????????? ??????????????

Mineralogical characteristics: ??????????? ??????????:??????? ???????? ??????????? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ????? ????????. ???????????? ??? ???????? ?????????? ??? ??????????.

Types of Copper Ore-Oxide Ores

????? ?????? ??? ???????????? ??????? ???????

??????? ????? ????????? ????????? "?????? ???????? ????????? ??????????" ?? ????????. 2024-?????? ????????? ??????? ?????????????~22.36 ??? ????? ??????? ??????????? ???????~980 ??? ?????. ???????? 10 ??????? ???????? ????? ???????????? 75% ?? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???? 19% ?? ?????????? ???????? ??? ???????????????? (????? ????? ?????? ?????) ????? ??????? ?????? ? nearly ?? ?????. ??????? ????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ????????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ????-????????.

???????? ?????? ????? ????????? ?? ????????? (USGS 2024? ?????: 10,000 ????)

???? ?????/ ????? 2023 ???????? 2024 ? шы?ар????? ??????????
1 ????? 550.7 (23.9%) 530 (23.0%) 19,000 (19%)
2 ????????? ????? (DR Congo) 284 (12.3%) 330 (14.3%) 3,100 (3.5%)
3 ???? 273.6 (11.9%) 260 (11.3%) 7,700 (8.8%)
4 ????? 180 (7.8%) 180 (7.8%) 2,600 (2.9%)
5 ??????????? 110 (4.8%) 110 (4.8%) 2,400 (2.7%)
6 ???????? ??????????? 110 (4.8%) 110 (4.8%) 4,800 (5.5%)
7 ?????? 93 (4.0%) 93 (4.0%) 7,700 (8.8%)
8 ?????????? 80 (3.5%) 80 (3.5%) 9,300 (10%)
9 ????????? 74 (3.2%) 74 (3.2%) 2,400
10 ??????? 70 (3.0%) 70 (3.0%) 5,300 (6.1%)

??????? ?????? ?????????? (WGC 2024, ?????: 10,000 ?????)

???? ?????/ ????? 2024 ? шы?ар????? 2024 ??????
1 ????????? ????? (DR Congo) 330 3,100
2 ??????? 74 2,100-3,500
3 ??????? ??????? ≈5 600
4 ??????? ≈3 500
5 ???????? ~2 60-100
6 ???????? ≈1.5 30-50
7 ??????? 1.5 20-30
8 ????????? ~1 20-30

??? ?????? ?????????? ??????????? ????? ???????

???????? ???????? ??????? ??? ????????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ???????? ??????????. ?? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ?????????????? ?????????? ????????? ?? ESG ??????????? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??????????? ?????.

1. ????????

?ütün ????? ?????????????? ??????

Exploration

??????:

??? ??????????? ????? ????????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??????????? ??????????? ????? ??????? ????? ?????.

??????? ????????????:

  • ????????? ?????????:???????????? ??????????? ???????? ?? ??????? ?????????????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ????????.
  • ????? ????????? ?? ???????????:????????? ????????????? ?????? ?????.
  • ????????? ????????/???????????? ??????????:?????? ?????????/????? ????????? ????????? ???????????? ?????????? ????????.
  • ????? ??????:????? ?? ????????? ?????? ????? ???????? ???????????? ????????.
  • Resurs Tahminati:2D/3D ??????????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?? ?????? ????????????? ???????.

??????? ????????:

????? ????? ??????/?????? ???????.


2. ???????? ?? ?????????

???????? ??????????? ????? ??????? ????????? ??????????? ???????????

Planning & Design

??????:

?????????? ?????????? ???? ?? ??????? ????????????? ???????? ?????????.

??????? ????????????:

  • ????????? ?????????:????? ет???? ????? ????????? ?? ?????????? ???????????????? ???????.
  • ??????? ?? ?????????:????????? ???????? ????? ?????????????? ?? ?????? ????? ????????.
  • ??? ????????:??? ????????? ???????? ???????? ????? ????????? (??????-?????/????? ????). ??????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????.
  • ???? ?????????:?????????????? ???????? ???????????? ?? ??? ??????? ???????.

???????? ???????:

?????? ???????? ???????? ??? ????? ??????


3. ???????

?????????? ??????????? ???????? ???Fr?????????? ???????????

Construction-Transforming

??????:

??? ????? ???????? ????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ??????.

??????? ????????????:

?????????:????? ?????? ????????? ??? ???????????? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????????????? ???????????.

?????? ??????:????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? (TSF).

????????????? ?? ????? ????? ?????:

  • ??????? ?????? ????????? ????? ?? ??????? ????????????? ???????? ????????? ??????????? ???????.
  • ?????? ??????? ??? ?? ?????????? ???????????? ????????.
  • ?????? ??????????? ?????: ????? ????? ????????? ?????????.
  • ??? ??????: ??????/?? ????? ??????? ????????? ??????????? ???????? ?? ??????????? ????? ????? ?????????? ?????.

???????? ???????:

??????????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ????????.


4. ?????? ????????? ?? ???даш

???????-????? ????????????? ???????

Operation & Maintenance

??????:

????????? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ??????

??????? ????????????:

????? ????? ?? ???????:

    • ????? ?? ?????????:??? ?????? ????? ??????.
    • ??? ??????? ?? ????????:???????? ?????? ????????? ?????.

???????????:????????? ??????? ??????? ????? ????????? ????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ?????????????. ??????? ??????????????? ??????? ????? (????? ????? ???????? ??? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????????).

???????:????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ??????????? ????????? ???????? ??? ???????? ????????? ??? ????? ???????? ??????? ?????.

????? ????????:?????? ????????? ??????? ???????????? ?? ???????; ????? ????????????? ??? ????? ????? ??????????? ????????. ?????????? ????????: ?????????????? ??????????? PPE? ?? ???????? ????? ????????????? ??????.


5. ????? ?? ?????????

???????? ??????????????? ???????

Sales & Logistics

???????? ???????:

???????? ????????????? ??????????? ?????.

??????:

????? ???? ???????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????????.

??????? ????????????:

  • ????? ??????????????:???????? ????? ????? ?????/?????????/????? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????.
  • ?????????? ???????:????? ????????? ??????????? ????? ???????? ??????.
  • ?????? ?????????:??????????? ???????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ????irl?r? ????? ??? ?????/???????/????? ???????? ???????.

???????? ???????:

???????? ??????? ??????


6. ????? ????????? ????????? ?? ESG

???????? ????? ????? ??????????? ?? ???????? ???????.

Tailings Management & ESG

??????:

????????????? ??????? ?????? ??????????? ?? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ???????????.

??????? ????????????:

  • ??????? ???????: ?????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ???????? (TSF) ????? ??????.
  • TSF ????????:?????????? ????????????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ?? ???????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ?????????? ????????? ????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ????? ????? ?????.
  • ??????????? ??????? ???????????:????????? ?????????? ????? ?????????? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ?????????? ????? ???????? ??????? ??????????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????????? ???????? ????? ????? ????????? ???? ???????????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???????? ?? ?????? ???????????? ??? ?????? ????ye ?????.
  • ?????? ??????????:?????? ????????? ????????? ????? ???????? ???????? ????? ????????? ?? ??? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ???????? ?? ??????????? ?????? ????????????? ??????? ???????? ?????.

????????? ???? ????????????? ?????????? ??????>

90% ?????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??????? ????? ????????????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?????????.

?????? ????? ?????? (??? ??? ???????????)

???????:

??????? ????????????? (???????????? ??????? ?????????) ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ????????? 80% ??? ?????? ????????.

??????? ?????:

??????? ?????? ?????????????? ?????? ????????? ????? ????? ????????????? ????????? ????? ????????????? ????????? ??? ????????? ?????? ??????????.

??????? ?????:

  • 1. ?????/?????? ????????? ????? ?????? ????? ????????? ?????????
  • 2. ?????: ????????? Cu ???????????????
  • 3. ???????: ??????????? ?????? ?????????? ???????
  • 4. ?????????: ?????? ???????????? ????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ??????????? ????? ?????????????
  • 5. ????? ?????ilishi: ??????????? ???????? ????? ???????

sulfide ore flotation

氧?? ?????? ????? (?? ???????????)

???????:????? ????? ?????????? (???????? ??????)? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ????????? ????? ??????????.

??????? ?????:???????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ????????????? ?????????? ???????????? ????? ???/??? ??????? ???????? ????????.

????????????:????? ???????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????????? ???????????: ????? ???????? ??????? ??Specific

??????? ?????:

  • 1. ??????? ?????: ?????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?? ??????
  • 2. ??? ????????: ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ???????????
  • 3.????????? ????????: SX-EW ?????? ???????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????
Oxide Ore Acid Leaching(Hydrometallurgy)

???????? ??????

???????:??????? ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ????????? ????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ????? ??? ?????????? ????? ????? ????????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ??????????.

??????? ?????:??????? ???????/????????? ????????? ????? ??? ???????? ?????

????????????:???????? ???Disadvantages: ?????? ??????????????? ????? ???????

??????? ?????:

  • 1. ????????: ??????? ?????? ??????????? ???????? ?????? ??????????
  • 2. ???????? ?????????: ????? ????? → ??? ??? → ?????? ????????.
  • 3.????? ????????????? ??????????: ?????????????.

Gravity Separation

???????? ??????????? ?????? ????????? ??????????

?????? ?????? ?? ???????? ???????? ??????? ????? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ???????:

?????????? ???????:

???????? Cu ????????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????????

copper ore Value Realization

??????? ?????:

??????? ???????? ?????? ???????????? ????????????.

Copper Ore Value Realization

??????? ??????:

????????????? ?????? ????? ??????????? ???? ???????? ?????? ??????????????? ?????

Copper Ore Value Realization

????? ?????????:

????????? ??????? ??????????? ??????????? ?????????????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ??????????? ??????? ?????

Copper Ore Value Realization

????? ???????

Copper Ore Processing Plant

??????? ???? ???????? ????????? ????? ???????? ?????? ????? ????????

(????????—???????—???????????????????)

??????? ???????????:

  • ????? ????????? ??????
  • ????? ????? ???? ??????????????????? ?????.
  • ??????? ????? ???????? ???? ????????? ?????
  • ????????????? ??? ???? ??????????? ?? ???
  • ??????????????? ????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ????? ?????.