I?eduro: N¨ªn¨² ¨¤k?s¨ªl??, ¨¬?el¨² ?i?e am?? n¨ª ¨¤w?n igbes?? m¨¦je w?nyi: ¨¬y??da ¨¤ti ¨¬t??s¨ªw¨¢j¨² ¨¬m¨²??, ¨¬t??j¨² ¨¤w?n ohun ¨¨r¨¨, ¨¬m¨²?? ¨¤w?n ohun ¨¨r¨¨, ¨¬y??da ¨¤ti ¨¬d¨¤gb¨¤, ¨¬y??da am?? clinker, ¨¬y??da am?? ¨¤ti ¨¬f?w??s¨ª am??.
?gb¨¤j?? j?? ohun ¨¨l¨° ¨¤gb¨¤w?? a?e?e?e ¨¨y¨ª t¨ª a ¨½ l¨° l¨¢ti gb¨¢ ¨¤w?n ohun ¨¨l¨° pa p?? m??ra, b¨ªi iyanrin ¨¤ti ¨°k¨²ta. L??y¨¬n t¨ª a b¨¢ fi omi kun ¨²n t¨ª a s¨¬ gb¨¤ ¨¢, y¨®¨° di ¨¤m¨¬, t¨ª y¨®¨° s¨¬ gb?n l¨¦ ay¨¦ t¨¤b¨ª omi, t¨ª y¨®¨° s¨¬ so ¨¤w?n ohun ¨¨l¨° b¨ª iyanrin ¨¤ti ¨°k¨²ta p?? m??ra d¨¢ad¨¢a.
?gb¨¤j?? j?? ohun ¨¨l¨° p¨¤t¨¤k¨¬ t¨ª a ¨½ l¨° l¨¢ti ?e ¨¨r¨°, t¨ª a s¨¬ ¨½ l¨° n¨ª ??p??l?p?? i??? ¨¬gb¨¤gb¨¦, ¨¬?¨¤k¨®so omi, ¨¬d¨¢¨¤b¨°b¨° or¨ªl??-¨¨d¨¨ ¨¤ti ¨¤w?n i??? m¨¬¨ªr¨¤n.
?w?n ohun ¨¨l¨° t¨ª a ¨½ l¨° l¨¢ti ?e ¨¤gb¨¤j??
Ohun ¨¨l¨° p¨¤t¨¤k¨¬ t¨ª a ¨½ l¨° l¨¢ti ?e ¨¤gb¨¤j?? ni ¨¤gb¨¤j??.
?w?n ohun ¨¨l¨° t¨ª a ¨½ l¨° l¨¢ti ?e ¨¤gb¨¤j?? p??l¨² ni ¨¤w?n k¨¢¨¤l¨¬ (t¨ª ¨® p¨¨s¨¨ ¨¤gb¨¤j??), ¨¤ti ¨¤w?n ¨¨r¨° t¨ª ¨® n¨ª ¨¤w?n ohun ¨¨l¨° b¨ªi Sio2, Al2O3.
Gbogbo ninu, okuta irin-ajo (limestone) n?e 80% ti aw?n ohun elo g¨ªga fun i?el?p? sim?nti, eyi ti o j? ohun elo ak?k? fun i?el?p? sim?nti.
±õ±è¨ª²Ô²õ¾±³¾?²Ô³Ù¾±
G?g?bi lilo ati agbara, a le pin sim?nti sinu:
(1) Sim?nti gbogbogbo: sim?nti gbogbogbo lo nigbagbogbo ninu eeyan gbogbogbo. Sim?nti gbogbogbo t?ka si aw?n oniruuru m?fa ti a t?ka ninu GB175-2007, bi sim?nti Portland, sim?nti Portland deede, sim?nti Portland eefun, sim?nti Portland pozzolanic, sim?nti Portland eefun irin ati sim?nti Portland apapo.
(2) ?m¨¬-s¨ª-s¨ª sim?nti: sim?nti p??l¨² ¨¤w?n ¨¤n¨ªm?? t¨¤b¨ª ¨¤w?n ¨¨te p¨¤t¨¤k¨¬, b¨ªi sim?nti ?j¨¤-gb¨ªgb¨¤-¨°r¨®r¨® G, sim?nti P¨®t¨®l¨¢nd¨¬ t¨ª ¨® d¨¢j¨² l¨¢¨¬p¨¦?, sim?nti P¨®t¨®l¨¢nd¨¬ ??n¨¤, sim?nti al¨²m¨¬n¨¢t¨¬, sim?nti sulfoal¨²m¨¬n¨¢t¨¬, ¨¤ti b????b??? l?.
K¨ª ni ilana ?i?e sim?nti?
G??g?? b¨ªi ??kan l¨¢ra ¨¤w?n ohun-¨¨mi ¨¨r¨°j¨¤ t¨ª a l¨° p¨²p?? j¨´l?, sim?nti ¨½ b¨¢?e p¨¤t¨¤k¨¬ n¨ªn¨² ¨¬t¨°j¨² ¨¤w?n i???, ¨¤gb¨¦kal?? ¨¬l¨², ¨¬r¨¬n¨¤j¨°, ¨¤ti ¨¤w?n i??? m¨¬¨ªr¨¤n. N¨ªn¨² ilana ?i?e sim?nti, ?¨¦ a n¨ªl¨° ¨¤w?n ohun ¨¨l¨° f¨²n p¨ªpa ¨¤ti p¨ªpa s¨ªw??n? ?¨¦ w??n ?e p¨¤t¨¤k¨¬?
N¨ªn¨² ¨¤k?s¨ªl??, ¨¬?el¨² ?i?e am?? n¨ª ¨¤w?n igbes?? m¨¦je w?nyi: ¨¬y??da ¨¤ti ¨¬t??s¨ªw¨¢j¨² ¨¬m¨²??, ¨¬t??j¨² ¨¤w?n ohun ¨¨r¨¨, ¨¬m¨²?? ¨¤w?n ohun ¨¨r¨¨, ¨¬y??da ¨¤ti ¨¬d¨¤gb¨¤, ¨¬y??da am?? clinker, ¨¬y??da am?? ¨¤ti ¨¬f?w??s¨ª am??.

1. ?¨ª???gun ati ?¨ª?e-i??p?p? ?aaju (Pre-homogenization)
(1) ?¨ª???gun.
N¨ªn¨² ilana ?¨ª?e sim?nti, ??p??l?p?? ¨¤w?n ohun-elo g¨ªga-¨¬b¨¦¨¨r¨¨ nilo l¨¢ti j??gun, b¨ªi ¨¤p¨¢ta g¨ªr¨ª, am??, ¨¨¨¨y¨¤n-¨¬y¨ªn ati k¨°¨°l¨´. ?p¨¢ta g¨ªr¨ª ni ohun-elo g¨ªga-¨¬b¨¦¨¨r¨¨ jul? fun ?¨ª?e sim?nti. L?hin mim?, ¨¤p¨¢ta g¨ªr¨ª ni iw?n-nla ¨¤ti l¨ªle pup?. N¨ªtor¨ª n¨¢¨¤, ?¨ª???gun ¨¤p¨¢ta g¨ªr¨ª ni o ni ipo pataki kan n¨ªn¨² ?¨ª???gun ohun-elo n¨ªn¨² i???-?¨ª?e sim?nti.

?¨ª?e-i??p?p? ?aaju ti aw?n ohun-elo. Ilana ?¨ª?e-i??p?p? ?aaju ni lilo im?-¨¬m? ni fifi sori p? ati im?-¨¬m? ni yiy? kuro lati ?e a?ey?ri i??p?p? ak?k?.

?w?n anfani ti ¨¤k?s¨ªl?? ¨¬d¨ªn¨² ?¨¢¨¢j¨².
?e ¨¤pap?? ¨¤w?n ohun ¨¨l¨° ¨¨r¨° or¨ª?i?i ti a ti gb¨¤ l¨¢ti d¨ªn ¨¤w?n ¨¬y¨¤t?? ¨¬d¨¤gb¨¤gb¨¤ s¨ªl??, k¨ª ¨® l¨¨ r?°ù¨´n l¨¢ti ?e ¨¤w?n clinker didara ¨¤ti l¨¢ti m¨² ¨¬?el¨² ¨¤w?n ohun ¨¨l¨° ¨¬y¨¤nj¨² ?e¨¦?e.
2) ?e ¨¤t¨²n?e l¨ªlo or¨ª?ir¨ª?i ohun ¨¬gb¨°k¨¨gb¨°k¨¨, m¨² k¨ª i??? ¨¬gb¨°k¨¨gb¨°k¨¨ t¨²b?? d¨¢ra, m¨² k¨ª ¨¬gb¨°k¨¨gb¨°k¨¨ ¨¤w?n ¨¤w?s¨¢nm?? ¨¤ti ¨¤w?n ¨¬l??k¨´n t¨²b?? p?? s¨ª i, k¨ª ¨¤w?n ¨¤p¨¢ta t¨ª k¨° n¨ªl¨° t¨¤b¨ª ¨¤w?n t¨ª a k¨° l¨° d¨ª?? n¨ªgb¨¤ t¨ª a b¨¢ ¨½ gb¨°k¨¨gb¨°k¨¨.
3) ?w?n ¨¬b¨¦¨¨r¨¨ ¨¬d¨¢¨¤b¨°b¨° f¨²n i??? k¨ªk¨®pa l¨¨ r?ra, ¨¤ti p¨¦ ¨¨y¨ª l¨¨ d¨ªnw?nwo i??? k¨ªk¨®pa t¨ª il¨¦ i??? n¨¢¨¤ m¨¢a ¨½ n¨¢.
Agbeyin didun ati aw?n ohun elo gbigb?n.
5) Fi ohun elo ¨¨r¨°j¨¤ naa p¨¨s¨¨ ohun elo ip¨°s¨ª, t¨ª ¨® s¨¬ l¨¨ p¨¨s¨¨ ohun elo ¨¨r¨°j¨¤ orisirisi n¨ª oko, t¨ª ¨® s¨¬ di oko ip¨°s¨ª, ¨¨y¨ª t¨ª ¨½ ?e ¨¤t¨²n?e f¨²n i?el¨¦r¨° t¨ª ¨® ?e¨¦ gb¨¤gb¨¤¨¢, t¨ª ¨® s¨¬ ¨½ m¨² ¨¬?i??? ohun ¨¨l¨° ?i??.
?pele ¨¤t?w?d¨¢ g¨ªga.
2. ?i?e ¨¤?¨¤k¨ª?e ¨¨r¨°j¨¤ ¨¨r¨° or¨ª?ir¨ª?i
N¨ªn¨² ilana ?¨ª?e sim?nti, l¨¢ti ?e gbogbo t??n¨¬ sim?nti Portland kan, a n¨ª l¨¢ti gb¨¤gbe o kere ju t??n¨¬ m?ta ¨¨r¨°j¨¤ (p?lu orisirisi aw?n ohun elo, irin, clinkers, aw?n ?ya, ati gypsum). G?g?bi i?iro, agbara ti a l¨° nipas? ilana ?i?e sim?nti gb¨ªgb?-i??l? aw?n i??l? gb¨¤gbe j?? ju 60% ti agbara gbogbo ile-i?? naa, eyiti gb¨¤gbe ¨¨r¨°j¨¤ ¨¨r¨° j?? ju 30%, gb¨¤gbe epo j?? nipa 3%, ati gb¨¤gbe sim?nti j?? nipa 40%. Nitorina, yiyan ti o dara ti ?r? gb¨¤gbe ati ilana i??, yan
3. ?¨ª?e-?????m?? ¨¤w?n ohun-??j?? ¨¤k??k??
N¨ªn¨² ilana ?¨ª?e am??-g¨ªga gb¨ªgb? tuntun, d¨ªd¨¢¨¤b¨° b¨° ??d¨¢ ¨¤w?n ohun-??j?? ¨¤k??k?? s¨ªn¨² ¨¤p¨¢ta ni ipil?? f¨²n d¨ªd¨¢¨¤b¨° b¨° eto ooru ti ¨¬r¨¤nl??w?? clinker, ati eto ?¨ª?e-?????m?? ohun-??j?? ¨¤k??k?? ni ibi ¨¤d¨¢nil??w?? ik?hin fun d¨ªd¨¢¨¤b¨° b¨° ??d¨¢ ¨¤w?n ohun-??j?? ¨¤k??k?? s¨ªn¨² ¨¤p¨¢ta.
4. ?y??kuro ooru ati ¨¬y¨¤kuro
A ?e ¨¬y??kuro ooru ati ¨¬y¨¤kuro ap¨¢kan ¨¤w?n ohun-??j?? ¨¤k??k?? nipas?? on¨ªy??kuro ooru, dipo ap¨¢kan i??? ti ¨¤p¨¢ta g¨ªga, lati ?e ¨¤t¨²n?e gigun ¨¤p¨¢ta, ati ni akoko kanna mu ¨¤p¨¢ta ?e

?¨ª?e ¨¤w?n ¨¨r¨° ¨¤m?? s¨ªl??
L?hin t¨ª o¨²nj? ¨¤¨¬l¨®r¨®gb¨® b¨¢ ti gb¨¤y¨¤d¨¢ ati y? ¨¬y??p?? r?? j¨¢de ninu ap??r?? ¨¤t¨¬gb¨¤d¨¢ ¨¬gb¨¤d¨¢, igbes?? t¨® k¨¤n ni k¨ª a t?? s¨ª ¨¤p¨¢ta ¨¬y¨ªpad¨¤ fun ¨¬y??¨¿da ¨¬gb¨¤d¨¢. Ninu ¨¤p¨¢ta ¨¬y¨ªpad¨¤, a ¨® t¨²b?? y? ¨¬y??p?? carbonate j¨¢de k¨ª¨¢k¨ª¨¢, ati ¨¤t??n¨¤ ti aw?n ¨¤t??n¨¤ ?¨ª?e t¨ª ara w?n ni a ¨® ?e l¨¢ti d¨¢ aw?n ¨¨r¨°j¨¤ s¨ªl?? ninu ¨¤w?n ¨¨r¨°j¨¤ ¨¨r¨°j¨¤. Bi o ti ¨½ gb¨¤ ??run, aw?n ¨¨r¨°j¨¤ y¨®¨° y¨ªpad¨¤ s¨ª ¨¬r¨ªs¨ª l¨ªk¨ªd¨¬, ati ¨¤w?n ¨¨r¨°j¨¤ p¨²p?? (clinker) y¨®¨° w¨¤ l¨¢ti ?e l¨¢ti ¨¤t??n¨¤ naa. L?hin t¨ª a b¨¢ ti y??¨¿da clinker, oj¨² ??run b??r?? s¨ª dinku. L?hin ipari, ap??r?? ¨¬tutu clinker y¨®¨° t¨´ clinker g¨ªga-??run t¨ª a ti t¨² j¨¢de lati ¨¤p¨¢ta naa.

?g?? ¨¬y??d¨¢

¹ó¨²¨½´Ú¨²²Ô
6. ?¨ª?e ¨¨r¨° ¨¬d??m?? s¨ªm?nti
?¨ª?e ¨¨r¨° ¨¬d??m?? s¨ªm?nti ni i??? ¨¬k?hin n¨ªn¨² ¨¬d¨¢¨¤p?? s¨ªm?nti ¨¤ti i??? t¨ª ¨® fi agbara il¨¦-¨¬??? j¨´l?. I??? r?? p¨¤t¨¤k¨¬ ni l¨¢ti fi ¨¨r¨° ¨¬d??m?? s¨ªm?nti (agbejade ¨¤¨¤b¨°, ohun elo ¨¬t¨²n?e ¨¬?i??, ati b?b?? l?) s¨ªn¨² ¨¤k?s¨ª ¨¤k?s¨ª t¨® y? (t¨ª a ?e ¨¤l¨¤y¨¦ n¨ªpa ¨¬d¨¤gb¨¤gb¨¤, ¨¤d¨¤gb¨¤ ¨¤y¨ªk¨¢, ati b?b?? l?) l¨¢ti d¨¢ ¨¤k?s¨ª kan, p?? s¨ªw?n ¨¤¨¤b¨° omi r??, ati m¨² ¨¬s?n¨² omi r?? y¨¢ra, l¨¢ti pade ¨¬b¨¦¨¨r¨¨ ¨¬d??m?? ¨¬f¨²nt¨ª s¨ªm?nti, ati l¨ªle.

7. ?d¨¤p?? s¨ªm?nti
K¨°¨½kr¨¦¨¨t¨¬ m¨¢a ¨½ j¨¢de l¨¢ti il¨¦ i??? p??l¨² ??n¨¤ ¨¬r¨¬n¨¤j¨° m¨¦j¨¬: ¨¤w?n ¨¤p¨° ¨¤ti ¨¤w?n t¨® w¨¤ n¨ª gb¨°¨¿gb¨°.






















