Summary: ???? ??????????????? ???? ???????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???????, ???, ?????? ????????, ??? ????? ????????? ???? ???? ????????????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??????
???? ???????????????? ??????? ????????? ???? ????, ???? ?? ?????? ???????????? ??????????? ????? ?? ???: Which beneficiation method should I use—froth flotation or gravity separation?
???????????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????????? ??? ???????? ????? ????????? ????????????? ????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ???????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???; ???? ?? ????? ???? ??? ???, ?????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ????????, ???? ???????? ???? ????????????????? ???????? ????????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ???????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????
??????????? ??????? ???????????? ???????????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ???????? ??? (OpEx) ??? ???????? ????????? ??????????????? ???????????, ?? ???? ????? ??????, ????? ?????????, ??? ??? ?????????? ???? ??????? ??? ?????
???? ???????? ?????? ????? ????????? ?????????? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ??? ???????? ????????? ?????????? ???????? ???, ??? ??? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????? ???????, ???? ??? ???????-???? ??????? ???? (???? ????, ????, ????) ???????????? ?????
?????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????????????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???, ?????? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ???, ??? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????
????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ???? ????????????? ?????????? ????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????
????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????????? ??? ???????
????? ??? ?? ????? ????????????? ???? ??? ???, ?? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ????????????? ? ???????? ???????? ????
?.? ???????? ???????? ?????? ??? ????
?????????? ?????? ???? ???????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ????????? ????????? (SG) ?????????? ???? ???????
?????? ??? ??? ???: ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ???????? ??? ???????? ????? (??????? ??) ?????? ???, ??? ???? ??????? ????? ???????? ??? ??? ???? ???????? ???????? ???????? ???, ?? ???????? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????
???: ??? ??????????? ??? ???? ???? ??????????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ??? ???????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ???, ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????
??????? ???????: ???, ??????? ?????, ???????? ????????????, ?????????????? ???????????? (????? ???????? ????)
??????? ???????????: ???? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ????? ???? ????? ?????
1.2 ?????? ???? ???????? ??? ????
???? ???????? ???????????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ???????????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ???????? ????? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ???? ???? ???
?????? ??? ??? ???: ???????? ?????? ???? ? ????????? ????????? ?????? (???????? ? ???????) ????? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ?? ????????? ?????????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ???, ??? ?????????? (????? ???? ?????????) ??? ????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ??? ???, ??? ?????????? ???? ????????? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ???, ??? ???? ?????????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ????? ???? ???????????? (??????????) ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????
??????? ???????: ?????? ??? (????????? ?? ??????????????), ???????? ???????, ??????????? ?????, ?????? ? ????? ???????? ???? ???????
???? ????????: ????????? ??????????? ???????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ????
?. ?????????? ???????? ??? ????? ???????? ?? ??? ????????
| ????????? | ??????????? ??????? | ???? ???????? |
|---|---|---|
| ??????? ??????? | ????????? ???? (??????? ?????) | ????? ?????? (???????????????) |
| ????????? ???? ???? | ??? ???? ??????? (??? ???? ???? ?.?? ????) | ??? ??????? (?.? ???? ???? ?.?? ????) |
| ????????? ????? (OpEx) | ??? ????? (????, ??, ??? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ???) | ???? (???????? ???????? ??? ????-?????? ????????????? ????????) |
| ???????? ?????? | ????????? (????????????? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ???) | ???? (???????? ????? ????????? ???????? ????, ???? ????? ??????????? ????????) |
| ??????? ???????? | ?????????/????? ???????, ???? ???, ?????, ????????, ??????? ???????? | ??????? ??? (????, ????, ?????, ????), ????????????? ?????? |
?. ???? ???? ???????? ???????? ?????????? ???????? ??? ???????? ?? ????
3.1 ??? ????????? ???????? ??????? ???? ??????
| ?????? ?????? | ??????? ???????? | ??? ?????? ??? ??? |
|---|---|---|
| ??????? ?????? | ??? ?????? | ???/????????? ????? ???? ??????? ???????? |
| ????? ?? ????? (????????) | ??? ?????? | ????????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ????????? ?????????? ??? |
| ??? | ???????????? | Very high density (6.8–7.1 g/cm³) |
| ???????? | ?????????, ??????????? | ???? ??????? ???? |
| ???? ???? | ????????, ?????, ?????? | ???? ? ???? ???????? ?????? ?????? |
| ???????? | ???????? | ??????? ????????? ???? ??????? ???????? |
| ???? ?????? (??) | ????????, ??????????? | ?????? ??????? |
| ??? | ???????? ????? | ?????????? ????? ???? ??????? ???????? |
??? ?????: ??? ????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?.? ????? ????????? ????? ???? ???, ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ?????
3.? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ??????
| ?????? ?????? | ??????? ???????? | ??? ????? ??? ??? |
|---|---|---|
| ????? ???? | ????????????, ????????, ??????????? | ??????? ???????? ?????????? ???? ???? ???????????? ?????? |
| ????-??? ????? | ????????, ?????????? | ?????? ???? ???? ???????????? |
| ???? (???????, ???????-??????) | ??? ??????, ??????? | ???????? ??????? ????? ???? ???????? ???????? |
| ????? ???? | ??????????????? | ??????? ???????? |
| ?????????? | ??????????? | ????????????? ????????????? |
| ???? ???????? ??? | ??? ??????? | ????? ????????????? ??????? ??? ???? ???? |
| ??????????? ???? | ?????? ???? | ?? ????? ????????????? ???????? |
| ??????? ???? (????) | ?????????, ???????? | ??????? ?????????? ???? ?????????? ???????????? ??? |
??? ?????: ??? ????? ??? ??????? ??????? (?.? ???? ?? ????) ??? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ???, ??? ???????? ?????? ??????????? ???????
4. ?? ???????????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ????????
???????? ???????????? ??? ???????? ?? ????? ?????ICLE ???? ??????? ????????????? ?????????
| ????? ?????? ????????? | ??????????? ??????? | ???? ???????? |
|---|---|---|
| ??? (>? ????) | ? ?????? | ? Poor – particles too heavy for bubbles |
| Medium (0.1–2 mm) | ? ?? ?????? ???? ???? | ? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? |
| Fine (0.01–0.1 mm) | ?? ????? ???? ???? | ? ?????? |
| ?????????? (<0.01 ????) | ? ??? ????? | ?? ??????????? ???? ?????? (????? ????????? ????????) |
?????????? ??????:
- ??? ????? ??? ?.? ???? ?? ???? ????? ???, ??? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????????? ???????
- ??? ??????? ???? 0.1 ????-? ???? ???? ????? ??, ????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??????????? ???????
?. ????? ??? ??????? ????? ?????
5.1 ????? ???????? (?????? 100 ??/????? ?????????)
| ????? ????? | ???????? ????????? | ???????? ????????? |
|---|---|---|
| ?????????? ????? | $150,000 – 300,000 | $300,000 – 600,000 |
| ?????????/?????? ??? | $50,000 – 100,000 | $100,000 – 200,000 |
| ???????? ??????? | ???????? ??? | $50,000 – 100,000 |
| ??????/?????? | ????????? | $100,000 – 250,000 |
| ??? ????? | $200,000 – 400,000 | $550,000 – 1,150,000 |
Gravity separation typically costs 2-3× less in capital investment.
?.? ????? ?? ????? ???: ?????????? ???????? ???? ??? ????????
| ??? ?????? | ???????? ????????? | ???????? ????????? |
|---|---|---|
| ????? | $0.15 – 0.30 | $0.30 – 0.60 |
| ???????????? | $0 – 0.10 (water only) | $0.50 – 2.00 |
| ?????? ??? | $0.05 – 0.15 | $0.10 – 0.30 |
| ???? | $0.10 – 0.20 | $0.15 – 0.30 |
| ?? ??????? | $0.02 – 0.05 | $0.10 – 0.30 |
| ??? ????????? ????????? | $0.32 – 0.80 | $1.15 – 3.50 |
Gravity separation operating costs are typically 2-4× lower than flotation.
6. ????????? ??? ???????? ??????????
???? ????????? ?????? ???? ???? ????????????? ???? ???????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???? ??? ??????? ???????? ????? ???????? ????
????? ???????????? (????? ?????)
?????????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???? ????????? ??????? ????? ??? (??????? ?? ???????-?? ????), ???? ????????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ?????, ?????-???? ?? ????? ???????? ????? ?????????????????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ?????????? ???? ????, ??? ????? ???? ????? ?????????? ??? ?????
???????? ?????? ??? ???????
????? ???????, ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ??????, ???? ???????? ??????????? ???? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ???????? ???????? ????????, ????????????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ???, ???????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ??????????? ?????? ? ????? ????? ????? ????????? ?????????? ???????? ????????? ???? ??????? ???, ??? ???? ?????? ????????????? ??????? ???? ? ????, ?? ???????? ??????? ????? ? ?????? ??? ?????
?. ???????? ?????? ? ??? ???? ???????????? ???? ???????? ????????-???????? ????
?????? ???? ??????????????, ??? ????? ?????????? ???????? ???? ????? ????????? ????????? ??????? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????????? + ???????? ???????? ????????
??? ???? ???? ?????? ???? "???? ?????" ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ????, ????? ????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ????? ???? ???, ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????
???? ????? ??????:
- ??????? ??????????: ???? ????? ?????? ???? ?????????????? ?????????? ???????????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ???????? ???? ????? ??? ? ???? ????????? ??? ???? (??????? ??? ????? ???????? ?????? ??–??% ???????)?
- ????????????? ????????: The remaining tailings—which now only contain the microscopic, hard-to-catch gold—are sent to the flotation cells.
????, ???? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ?????, ???? ???? ??????????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ???, ??????????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ???, ??? ????????? ???????? ?????????? ???? ???????? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ?????
???? ?????? ??? ???? ???????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ??????
?????? ?: ?????????? ???????? ?? ???????? ???? ??????
A: Yes. Gravity separation typically has 2-4× lower capital and operating costs than flotation. No reagents, simpler equipment, and less energy consumption.
Q2: ???????? ?? ?????????? ???????????? ??????????? ???? ?????
?????: ????, ?? ????????? ???? ???? ???????? 0.2–0.3 ???? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ??????????? ?????????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ???? ????????? ???? ??????????? ??????? ??????? ???????????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????
?????? ?: ?? ?????????? ??????????? ???????? ??????????? ???? ?????
A: ??????? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? 0.1 ????? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ???? ????, ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ???? ????????
Q4: ??? ???????? ???? ?????????????
A: ?????????? ????????? ??? ???? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ???????? ???????????? ???????? ???????? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ???, ?? ???? ??? ???????
????? ?????? ??? ???????? ?????????????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????
???????? ? ?????????? ?????????? ????? ???????? ??? ????? "????" ?? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ???????? ??????? ???????, ?? ??????
??????? ?????? ??? ???????? ?????:
- ????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??? ???? (????, ???, ???????, ????????)
- ?????? ??? ???? ????? (>0.1 ????)
- ?????? ???? ?? ????, ??? ??? ???????????? ?????????? ??????
- ????? ????? ??? ???? ???????
???? ???????? ???? ???????? ????:
- ????? ??? ??????? (?.? ???? ?? ??)
- ????? ?????? ???????? ?? ??????? (????, ????, ?????, ?????)?
- ?????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????????????? ???????
- ????? ???? ??? ???? ????????? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ??????
??? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ???????, ???:
- ????? ????? ?????? ?????: ???? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ??? (???????? ????? ?????????? ?????? ????)
- ???? ???????? ?????????? ???????? ???? ??? (??????? ??% ?? ??? ????)
??? ???: Start with thorough ore characterization. Test for mineralogy, liberation size, and density differences. Then select the method—or combination—that optimizes recovery, cost, and environmental performance for your specific deposit.
???? ?? ????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ???? ??????? ????
麻豆社-? ???? ??????? ???? ????????????? ?????? ?????? ???, ??? ????? ?????????? ??? ???????? ??????? ???????????? ?????? ????????????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????:
- ????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ????
- ????????? ??????????????? ?? ??????? ????
- ???? ?????????? ???????? ?????????? ????????? ????
- ????? ? ??????? ????? ?????? ????
??? ?????? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ?????????? ???????????? ????????? ????
?????? ???
?????? ?????