?????：??? ???, ????? ??????? ?????, ????? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ??????. ??? ???, ???? ???? ???, ???? ??????? ?????? ???????. ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????, ????? ??????, ???????? ??????? ????.
???, ????? ??? ?? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ???????, ??? ????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ???? ???? ????. ??????? ??????????, deposits ??? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????: ??? ???? ???? ??? (?????? ?? ??? ?????). ???? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ??????, ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???????? ?????????, ??????? ?????, ????? ????, ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ???????.
??? ??? ???? ???? ???? ???? ????? ????? ????? ????? ??????, ??? ???? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ?????, ???????? ????? ????? ?????. ???????? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ???? ???? ???????? ?????? ????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ??????. ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ???????, ????? ?????? ?????, ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ????.
??????: ??? ??? ???? ???? ??? ????
1. ???????? ??? ??? (??????? ?????????)
? Au deposits ????? ???????? ???????????? ????? ????? ???? ????. ?????? ?????? ????????, ????? ??? ??????? ?-150°350°C, ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ???????. ???? ?????? ???????-?????? ?????? — ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ???, ????? ?? ??????????? ??? ??????? ???? — ??? ????? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ????????. ??????? ????????? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ???????:
- depósitos ?? ?????? ?????? ?????:??? ???????? ????? ??????
- Deposits ??????? (??? ?????):??? ?????????? ?????? ?????????
- depósitos ??????? ?-sulfide ???????:??? ????????? ??????? ????????
?????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ?????? (<1 ?"?) ?? ?????????? ?????????? ??????, ???? ??????? ?????????? (?????????) ??????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?? ????????? ??????. ?????? ?????????? ???????? ?? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ???????.
2. ???????? ??? ?????? (??????? ????????)
? depósitos placeres ?????? ??? ????, ????? ????? ??????????? ?? ?????? ??? ??????. ?????? ????? ?????? ??????:
- 1. ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ??? ????
- 2. ?? decomposition ????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ???
- 3. ?????? ????????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ????.
- 4. ????? ?????????? depositing ?????? ??? ?????? ????????:
- ????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? (?? ?????)
- ?????? ??????? ???????
- ????? ????? ?????? ????
- ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???
??????? ?????? ?? ??? (19.3 ???/??"?) ?????? ????? ???? ????, ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ?????. ???? ??????? ?? ??? "??? ???" ???? (<0.1 ?"?) ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ?????????.
3. ??? ?????? ????? ??? ???: ?????? ?? ?????? ??????????
| ????? | ??? ???? | ??? ??? |
|---|---|---|
| ??? ????? | ????? ????, ?????? | ????? ??????, ??????? |
| ????? ????????? | ????? ????????: ?????, ??????, ????? ??????? | ????? ???????: ??????? ???????-??????????? ?????????? |
| ????? ??????? | ????Loose ?? ??????? | ???? ????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ????? ??? ???? |
| ?????????? ?? ?????? ??? | ?????? ??????? ?????? | ????? ?? ??????, ?????? ?? ???? ????????? |
| ??????? ?????? ?????? | ??????? ????? (????, ??????, ???????) | ??????, ???????? (????, ????) |
| ????? ??? | ????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????, ????? ????????'??? | ????? ????????, ????? ??????????/?????????? |
??? ???? ??? ??? ???: ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ???
??????? ??????? ??????????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???. ????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ?????, ???? ????? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ????.
1. ??? ?????: ???? ??????
???? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? (????? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ????). ?? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????, ????? ??????????? ????? ???????, ??? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????.
????? ????: ????? ?????
?? ????? ?? ????? ??? ?????. ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ???: ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ?????, ???? ??????? ???? ???? ???? away.
- ????? ??? ??????:????? ?????? ??????? ?????, ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???, ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ????.
- ???? ????????? ?????? ????? ?"????? ????? ?????" ???? (???? ????? ???? ?? ??). ???? ??????? ????? ????, ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????. ?? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????, ???? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ????????.
- ???:????? ??? ?????? ????? ???????? ????? ??????? ?? ???, ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????. ???????? ?????? (???) ?????? ?????? ?? discharged.
- ????? ????:?? ???? ???? ??????, ????? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?????, ?? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ????. ????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ????.
????? ???? ????????
- ????? ??????:??????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? Deposits ??? ?? ????? ??????, ?????? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????, ?????, ????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????.
- ????? ????? ?????????????? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ??????, forming ?????, ?????? ? ????? ????? (???? ?????? ????? ?? ?'????) ??????. ????? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????.
- ????? ????? ??????:? semelhante ?????? ?????, ??????? ??????? ???????? ??????, ???????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????.
2. ??? ???: ????? ?????? ???
????? ?????? ????? ???????? ?????, ?????? ?????? ????. ?????? ????? "????" ???????? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ???, ??? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ???????.
2.1 ?????? ?????
????? ??-??????:????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????????, ?? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??-???????. ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????.
????? ???????????? ??????, ??????? ??????, ????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ????, ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????.
2.2 ????? ????? ?????
- ????? ??????:???? ore ?????? ?????? ???????? ????? ??? (???? ??? ??? ??? ???) ??? "?????" ?? ?????? ????, ????? ???? ????? ????? ????.
- ????? ??????? (????? ?????)???? ore ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ???? ??????. ??? ??????, ???? ???? ?? ???????, ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ????? "????? ???". ???? ???, ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???????. ?? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? (?????? ??????? ?????? ?????).
- ???????:??????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ???? ???????? ????????? (???? ?????), ???? ??????? ????????. ?? ??? ????? ?????? ??????, ???????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????, ?? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????. ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????.
- ????? ??????? ?????:???? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ????? (????, ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????) ??? ????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ???????? ?????. ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???.
- ?????? ????? ?????:?????? ???? ???? ????? ????, ????? ????? ????? ?????, ????? ?? ????? ????? ????????, ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????. ????? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????. ???? ?? ??? ???? ???? ????? ?? ?? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ?????.
2.3 ????? ????:
??? ??? ????? ??? ???????, ???? ????? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ??????, ???? ???? "??? ?????." ??? ???? ??? ????? ?? ???? ???? (??? ??? 99.99%), ????? ????? ?????????? ?? ????? ????.
3. ????? ??????: ????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ??? ????
| ???? | ????? ??? ???? | ??? ??? ????? |
|---|---|---|
| ?????? ????? | ????? ????? (???? ???????) | ????? ???? ????????? |
| ??????? ???????? | ????? ????? | ?????????, ?????, ???? |
| ???? ?????? | ?????, ?????, ????? ??? | ?????, ?????, ?????? ?????? |
| ????? ??????? | ????? ????, ?????? ??? | ????? ?????, ????? ??????, ????? ????? |
| ????? ????? | ???? ??? 60-85% | ?Typically 85-98% |
| ?? ???? | ????? ???? | ???? ???? |
????? ????? ???????: ????? ??? ???????? ??? ????? ??? ????
?????? ???? ??????
?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????
- ????? ??? (CAPEX):????. ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????, ?????? ???? (CAPEX) ???? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ????.
- ?????? ????? (OPEX):????? ????? ?? ??? ???, ?????? ???? ???? ???. ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ????, ?????? ?????? ????????? ????? ??????.
- ???? ?????? ??????:?????? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ??? 800 ?-1,200 ???? ??????? ???????, ?? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ?-600 ????/??????.
- ????? ?????? ???????:???? ?????, ???? ?????? ???, ????? ?????? (??? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ??????).
?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ???
- ????? ??? (CAPEX):???? ????. ?????? ???????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ???????? ?? ???????? ?????? ?????????.
- ?????? ????? (OPEX):????? ???-????, ???? ?????? ?? ?????, ?????, ?????, ?????? ??????, ????? ????? ????.
- ???? ?????? ??????:?????? ?????? ?? ????? (AISC) ???? ???? ??? ??? 1,000 ?-1,400 ???? ???????, ???? ?????? ??-??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??.
- ????? ?????? ???????:???? ?????, ???? ????? (???? ???? ????? ??-?????), ????? ?????? (???????), ???????? ???????? (????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ??????).
2. ?? ??????? ???????
?????? ?? ??? ????
- ????? ????:???? ????. ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????, ?????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? 0.1 ?? 0.3 ??? ???????.
- ?? ??? ????:?? deposit ?????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??? 8 ??? (?-260,000 ???????) ?? ???.
- ?????? ??????? ???????:??? ????? ???? (????? ???????/???), ?????? ?????????, ???????/?????? ????.
deposits ?? ??? ???
- ????? ????:???? ????? ???? ???? deposits ????. ????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ??? 0.8 ?? 1.0 ??? ????, ???? ?????? ??-??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? (?????? ?????? >3 ?? 5 ??? ????).
- ?? ??? ????:??????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????????.
- ?????? ??????? ???????:??? ?????? ???????, ????? ????????? ??????????, ????? ?? ??????? ??????? (????, ???, ??????).
3. ?????? ??? ??????
?????? ?????? ???:
- ??????? ??? ??????:????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????, ?? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ????. ???? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ?-1,200 ???? ???????.
- ??????? ???? ?? ???????? ????? ??-??????? ???? ???? ?????, ?? ?????? ???? ???????? ????? ????. ????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????.
??????? ????? ?????:
- ??????? ??? ??????:???? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ????? (1-2 ????) ????????? ?????? ?????, ?? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ??? (????? 5-15 ????).
- ??????? ???? ?? ????????? ????? ?????? (3-5 ????) ????? ?????? ?????, ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?-20 ???.
???? ??????:
- ??????? ??????? ???? ??? ?????:??-????? ??????? (????? ?? ????? ?? ???), ?????? ?????, ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????????.
- ???????? ???????? ???? ????? ???????:??????? ?????????? (????? ??????), ??????? ??????? (????? ????????), ??????? ????????, ??????? ????? ????.
?????? ??????? ???????? ??????????
??????? ?????? ??? ?????:
- ?????????? ????? ?????:????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????????????? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ??????.
- ???? ??????? ????:????? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????.
- ?????? ??? ???? ?? eficiência ??????????? ????????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ???.
?????? ????? ??? ???????:
- ???????? ?????????:?????? ??? ???, ????? ?????, ???? ??????? ????? ???? ????????.
- ?????????? ???? ??????????? ?????? ??????? (???? ????????), ?????????? ?????'???.
- ????? ?????? ??????:?????????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ???????.
- ????? ??????:??? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ????, ????????? ?????? ??????? ??????. ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????, ??????? ?????????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ???.
??? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?????????, ?????? ???????, ????? ?????, ?????? ?????, ??????? ???????. ??? ???, ?????? ?????, ??????? ???????? ????????? ??????, ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ???????? ????? ?????? ??????, ?? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ????. ??? ???, ?????? ???????, ???? ???? ???, ???? ?????????? ????? ?????? ???????, ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????, ?? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ???.
???? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ???, ??????? ?????? ??????. ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????, ????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ???? ????????? ??????? ??????? ????????. ???? ????? ??? ???? ???? ????, ????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ???, ?? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ????????? ??? ???????? ?????????. ??? ??????? ???? ???? ?????, ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????????, ?? ??????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ??????? ??????, ?????? ?? ??????? ????????? ????? ?? ??????? ???????.
?????
??? ?????