Summary: ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ????????????????????????? ??????? ???????. ??????????, ????????, ?????????????????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ????????????? ????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????? ?????????? ??????????????????....
??? ???? ???????? ???????????? ??????????? ????, ??????? ????????????? ??? ?????????? ??????????? ???: Which beneficiation method should I use—froth flotation or gravity separation?
??????????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ??????????? ?????????? ???????? ???????? ????????????? ???????????? ?????????????? ??????. ??????????? ?????? ?????????? ??????????? ????? ??????????? ???????????? ???????????; ?????? ????? ???????? ???? ??????, ????????? ???? ?????? ????????????????. ???????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???????????? ?????????? ???????????????, ??? ????????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ?????????????? ????????, ??? ???? ??????????? ????????, ???????? ??????.
???????????? ??????? ?????????? ???? ??????, ???????????? ???, ??????? ?????????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ???? ???? ??????????? ??????? ?????????. ??? ??????? ??????? ??????????? ???????? (OpEx) ??????? ??????????? ?????????????????? ????????????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????, ??? ??????????? ????, ????????, ?????????? ??????? ?????????? ????????????? ??????? ????????.
??????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ???? ?????? ???????????????? ?? ??????????? ??????????? ????????????????. ??? ???? ??????????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????????????? ?????????????, ????? ??? ??????????, ???????? ??????? ???????? ??????????????????? ????????? ???? ????????? ??????????? ??? ??????? ???????? (????, ?????? ??????? ???? ?????).
??????? ????????? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????????????. ???? ????? ????? ???? ????????? ???????????? ???????? ????????? ?????????????????, ????????????? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ??????????? ??????????? ???????????, ??????????? ??????????? ????? ???????? ???????????? ?????????? ?????????????.
??? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ??? ??????? ????? ???? ???????? ??????????????????????????? ???????? ??????????? ????????? ???????.
?????????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ??????????? ( ??????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ????) ????? ????????????
???? ?????? ????????? ????? ??????? ???????????????? ?????? ??? ????????? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ???????????? ?????? ??????? ????????????? ????????.
1.1Gravity ?????? ?????? ???????????????
????????? ???????, ????? ???????? (SG) ??????????? ???? ????????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????????????????? ?????????? ????????????????.
??? ?????? ???? ?????????: ??ihi ?????? ??????? ?????????_medium_????????? ???? (?????????????, ??????? ?????????) ??[????]???? ?????? ?????????????, ???? ???????? ????????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ???????????? ?????? ??????????????????, ??????? ???? ????????? ??????? ???????????????.
????????: ?????????? ???????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??????????????. ??????????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??? ??????????? ??? ????????, ??????? ???????? ??????????????.
???????????????? ??????????: ??????, ???????? ????????, ?????? ????????????????, ?????? ?????????????? (????? ????????????)
?????? ?????? ?????????: ?????? ???????? ??? ????????? ????????? ????? ???? ?????????????? ??????? ????, ????? ???????? ?????????????????.
1.2 ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????????????
????? ????? ???????????? ?????????? ??????? ?????????? ??????????? ????? ??????????. ??? ???????????? ?????? ???-wise ??????? ???????????????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????????????????????.
??? ?????? ???? ?????????: ??????? ??????????????????? ??????????????? ?????? ??????? ??????????? ????? ??????????? (???????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ????????) ????????? ?????? ????????? ???????????????. ??? ?????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ?????????????? ???????????, ??? ??????????????????? (????????? ?????????) ??????????. ?????? ???????? ?????????? ????? ?????????, ????????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ???? ??????????? ????????, ???? ??? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???????????? ????????, ??? ??????????? ????????? ??????????????, ??? ???????????? ??????? ???????? ????????????. ??????? ?????????? (???) ???????? ?????? ???? ??????????.
???????????????? ??????????: ?????? ???? (????????????? ?????? ???? ?????????), ??????????? ?????????, ??????????????? ?????????, ?????? ??????? ??????? ???? ????????????? ???????????
????????????? ????????: ????? ???????? ???????????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ?????????????? ??????? ??????????.
2. ???????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ??????????????
| ?????? | ???????????? ??????? | ??????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ???? |
|---|---|---|
| ???????? ???? | ???? ????????????? ????? ???? ??????? | ?????????? ???????? (???????? ?????) |
| ??????? ???????? ?????????? ???? | ?????????? ????????? ?????? (150 mm ????? 0.05 mm ???) | ???? ?????????? (0.1 ???? ??????? 0.01 ????) |
| ?????????? ????? (OpEx) | ??????? ??????? (????????????????, ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ?????????) | ????? (???? ??????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ???? ????????? ??????? ???????? ????) |
| ???????? ??????? | ???? (???????????? ????????? ????????? ?????????????) | ???? (??????? ????????? ????? ?????????? ???????? ?????????????, ??????????? ??? ????????? ???????) |
| ?????????? ??????? | ???????/???? ??????, ??????? ?????, ???(sm), ?????????, ????, ???? ??????? | ???????? ???????? (??????, ???????, ?????, ???????), ????????? ?????? |
3. ?????????? ????????????????? ??????? ???????????????? ?????????? ???? ??? ?????????
3.1 Gravity ????????? ?????? ?????????? ????
| ???????? ??? | ?????????? ??????? | ????? ?????? ???????? ????????????? |
|---|---|---|
| ??????? ?????? | ?????? ?????? | ?????????? ???/??????? ??????? ???????? ???????? |
| ?????? ??? ?????? (?????) | ?????? ?????? | ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?????????? ???? ???????? ???????????????. |
| ??? | ????????? | Very high density (6.8–7.1 g/cm³) |
| ????????? | ????????, ????????????? | ????????? ????????? |
| ???? ?????? | ?????????, ????, ?????? | ?????? ?????????? ????????? ??????? ??????? |
| ???????? | ???????? | ???????? ?????????? ???????? ???????? |
| ??????? ????? (???????) | ???????, ???????? | ????????? ??????? ???????????? |
| ??? | ???????????????? ??? | ?????????? ???????? ????????????? ??????? ??????????????? |
??????? ????: ?????? ???????????? ?????????? ?????????????????????, ??????????????? ????????????? 1.5 ????????? ????????????????, ????????? ????????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ????????.
3.2 ????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???????
| ???????? ??? | ?????????? ??????? | ?????????? ??????? ???? ???? ????????? |
|---|---|---|
| ??????? ???????? | ??????????, ????????, ????????? | ??????? ?????????? ????????? ???? ?????? ?????????? |
| ??????????? ??????-??????? ?????? | ?????, ?????????? | ?????? ???????????????? ????? |
| ?????? (????????????, ?????????? ?????????????? ????????????????????) | ??????? ??????, ?????? | ???????? ??????? ??? ??????????? ???????? ????????? ??????? |
| ?????? ??????? | ?????????????? | ???????? ??????????? |
| ??????????? | ???????????? | ??????????? ??????????? |
| ???????? ???? ????? ?????????????? ???????????????? | ?? ?????????? | ??????????????????????????? |
| ????? ???????? ?????? | ???? ???? <0.1 ???? | ??????????? ?????? gravedad ?????????????? |
| ??????????? ??????? ??????? (??????????????? ???) | ????????, ?????????? | ?????? ???????????? ????????? ??????????? ????? ?????????? |
??????? ????: ?????? ??? ???????? ????? ????? ????????? ????????? (0.1???? ?????? ????) ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????????, ?????????? ???????? ????????.
4. ???????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????????????? ??????? ??????????? (?????????? ???? ??????)
???????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ?????????????????????? ????????????????? ??????? ????? ?????.
| ?????? ?????? ??? | ???????????? ??????? | ??????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ???? |
|---|---|---|
| ??????????? (>2 ??.??) | ? ???????? | ? Poor – particles too heavy for bubbles |
| Medium (0.1–2 mm) | ? ??????? ???? ???????????? ?????? | ? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? |
| Fine (0.01–0.1 mm) | ?????????? ???? ?????????? | ? ???????? |
| ?????? ????? (<0.01 ????) | ? ??????? ??????? | ?? ??????????? ??????? ??????? ???? (??????? ???????? ????) |
???????? ??????:
- ?????? ???????? 0.1 ???????? ???????? ?????? ????????????, ??????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ???????????? ??????? ?????????????? ??????????.
- ?????????? 0.1 ?????? ???? ???????????? ???????? ???????, ???????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????????? ?????? ?????.
5. ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ???????
5.1 ????? ??????? (??????? 100 TPH ????)
| ????? ??? | ?????? ???? | ???? ??????? |
|---|---|---|
| ????????? ???????? ????? | $150,000 – 300,000 | $300,000 – 600,000 |
| ??????? / ????????? ??? | $50,000 – 100,000 | $100,000 – 200,000 |
| ??????? ??????? | ???? ??????, ?????????? | $50,000 – 100,000 |
| ??????????/??????????? | ??????? | $100,000 – 250,000 |
| ????? ??????? | $200,000 – 400,000 | $550,000 – 1,150,000 |
Gravity separation typically costs 2-3× less in capital investment.
5.2 ??? ??? ??????????? ?????: ??? ????????? ??????? ??????? ???????????
| ????? ????????? | ?????? ???? | ???? ??????? |
|---|---|---|
| ???? | $0.15 – 0.30 | $0.30 – 0.60 |
| ??????? ???????? | $0 – 0.10 (water only) | $0.50 – 2.00 |
| ????????? ???????? | $0.05 – 0.15 | $0.10 – 0.30 |
| ?????? | $0.10 – 0.20 | $0.15 – 0.30 |
| ??????? ???????? | $0.02 – 0.05 | $0.10 – 0.30 |
| ????? OPEX | $0.32 – 0.80 | $1.15 – 3.50 |
Gravity separation operating costs are typically 2-4× lower than flotation.
6. ??????????? ??????? ???????????????? ????????
??? ???????? ????????????????, ??????????????????? ????? ????????????? ??????? ???????????. ??????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????????? ???????? ?????.
grinding ???????? (?????? ????????)
???????? ???? ??????? ????? (???????? 75 ???????? ????) ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ???????? ????????? ??????????, ?????? ??????????? ???? ????????????????? ???? ????????. ??? ???? ?????????? ??????????? ????? ????? ???????? (???? ???????) ?????????????? ????????. ??????????? ????????? ?? ?????????? ?????????? ?????? ??????????????? ???????? ???????????, ?????? ?????????????????? ???? ??? ??? ?????????.
????????????? ??????????????? ??????? ????????
?? ?????? ?????????, ??????? ????????? ??????? ????????? ?? ?????????????????, ??? ??????????? ??????????????????? ????????????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???????? ?????. ??????????? ????? ????????, ??????? ??????? ????????? ?????????? ????? ????????????? ????????? ???????, ???????? ??????????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ????????????????, ??????? ??????????? ??????? ????????????? ???????????. ?????? ??????????????? ???? ??????? ????????????????, ??????? ???????? ???????????? ???? ??????? ??? ?????, ?????? ????????????? ????????? ??????????, ?????????? ??????????.
????????? ???? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ??? ????? ????????????? ???????
?????????? ???? ???????????, ?????????? ????????????????? ????????? ???? ???? ????????????????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ????????????????. ?????? ??????? ????????????????????????? ??? ???????? ?????? ?????????? + ??????????? ???????? ???????? ??? ?????.
??? ?????????? ??????? "???? ??????" ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????????????????? ?????? ?????????????????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ?????????, ????????? ????????? ??? ??????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ?????????????? ?????????????. ?????????, ??????? ???? ???????? ???????????? ?????? ??? ?????????? ????????, ???? ?????? ????? ???????? ???? ?????? ????? ???????? ??????? ??? ?????????????????? ????????????.
???????? ????????? ????????:
- ?????? ????????: ????????????????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????????????????. ??? ???? ???? ?????????? ?????, ????? ???????? ?????????? (??????? 40-60% ??? ????? ???? ?????????????? ???????).
- ??????? ????????: The remaining tailings—which now only contain the microscopic, hard-to-catch gold—are sent to the flotation cells.
?????????, ????????? ????????? ????????? ???? ????????? ???????? ?????, ????????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???????? ??????? ????????, ??? ?????????, ????????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??????????? ??????? ???? ?? ???????? ??????????? ????? ????? ????????? ???????????.
???? ????????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????????????
?????? 1: ????????? ????????? ??????????????????? ?????????????
A: Yes. Gravity separation typically has 2-4× lower capital and operating costs than flotation. No reagents, simpler equipment, and less energy consumption.
?????? 2: ???????? ???? Gegavity ??????????? ??????????????
?: ?????, ??????????? ???????????? ??????????. ????????? ??????? 0.2-0.3 mm???? ????? ????? ????????? ??????????? ??????. ?????? ?????????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????????????????.
??3: ???????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ????????????? ?????????
A: ?????????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ???????. ???????? ?????? 0.1 ???????????????? ???????????, ????? ???????? ?????? ???? ???????? ????????.
Q4: ???? ?????? ????????????????? ????? ????? ??????????????
A: ???????? ????????. ??? ????????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ????? ???????? ???????? ?????????. ???????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ?????????????????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ?????????, ??? ???????? ????? ????????? ???????.
?????? ????? ????????? ?????????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????????????
??????? ??????????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ?????? "??? ????????" ??????????? ????. ??? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ???????? ?????????????ambana.
???????????? ??????????? ????????? ?????? ?????????????? ????????:
- ?????? ??????????? ?????? ???? ????????? ???????????????? ??????????? (??????, ??????, ????????, ????????)
- ?????????? ????? ????????? (>0.1 ??.??) ??????????
- ?????????? ??????? ?????, ??????, ????????????? ???????? ????????? ??????????
- ??????????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????
???????? ???????? ?????????????????:
- ?????? ?? металл ??????? ??????? ???????? (<0.1 ????)
- ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? (???????, ????, ????, ?????)
- ?? ????????? ??????? ???? ??????????????? ????????
- ????????? ??? ???? ??????? ??????????????????????? ????????????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ??????
???????????? ????????????? ?????:
- ?????? ???? ??????? ???? ??????????? ????? ???? ???????????? ????????????? (???? ????????? ??????? ??????????).
- ????????? ? Recovery (95%+ ?????? ????????????) ????????? ???????????????????
?????? ?????: Start with thorough ore characterization. Test for mineralogy, liberation size, and density differences. Then select the method—or combination—that optimizes recovery, cost, and environmental performance for your specific deposit.
???????? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ???? ???????????????
????????-???, ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???????????? ?????????? ??????? ???? ???????? ????????? ????????????. ?????? ???????????? ?????????? ??????:
- ?????? ?????????? ????????????
- ?????? ???????? ????? ????????????????
- ??? ????????? ???? ?????????? ?????????????
- ????????? ??????? ??????????? ???????? ??????????????
????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ??? ???? ????????????? ?????????????.
?????? ?????????
????????? ???????????? ????????? ??????????? ?????????, ??? ?????????? ??????????, ???????? ??????? ????? ??????:
???????????? ???????? ????????